Search results for "proxy"

Fire risk sub-module assessment under solvency II. Calculating the highest risk exposure

2021

The European Directive 2009/138 of Solvency II requires adopting a new approach based on risk, applying a standard formula as a market proxy in which the risk profile of insurers is fundamental. This study focuses on the fire risk sub-module, framed within the man-made catastrophe risk module, for which the regulations require the calculation of the highest concentration of risks that make up the portfolio of an insurance company within a radius of 200 m. However, the regulations do not indicate a specific methodology. This study proposes a procedure consisting of calculating the cluster with the highest risk and identifying this on a map. The results can be applied immediately by any insur…

The shadow economy in three Mediterranean countries: France, Spain and Greece. A MIMIC approach

2007

This paper offers estimations of the evolution of the shadow economy in three Mediterranean countries, namely France, Spain and Greece. A multiple indicators and multiple causes model based on the latent variable structural theory has been applied. As established by Giles (Working paper on monitoring the health of the tax system, 1995), filtered data to solve the non-stationary problems are used. The model includes the tax burden (both as a whole and disaggregated into direct taxes, indirect taxes and social security contributions), a proxy of regulation burden, theu nemployment rate and self-employment as causes of the shadow economy and the GDP growth rate, the labour force participation …

FMU-proxy : A Framework for Distributed Access to Functional Mock-up Units

2019

The main goal of the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) standard is to allow simulation models to be shared across tools. To accomplish this, FMI relies on a combination of XML-files and compiled C-code packaged in a zip archive. This archive is called an Functional Mock-up Unit (FMU) and uses the extension .fmu. In theory, an FMU can support multiple platforms, however this is not always the case and depends on the type of binaries the exporting tool was able to provide. Furthermore, a library providing FMI support may not be available in a particular language, and/or it may not support the whole standard. Another issue is related to the protection of Intellectual Property (IP). While an F…

Element variability in the coralline alga Lithophyllum yemenense as archive of past climate in the Gulf of Aden (NW Indian Ocean)

2017

This study presents the first algal thallus (skeleton) archive of Asian monsoon strength and Red Sea influence in the Gulf of Aden. Mg/Ca, Li/Ca, and Ba/Ca were measured in Lithophyllum yemenense from Balhaf (Gulf of Aden) using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and Mg/Ca ratio oscillation was used to reconstruct the chronology (34 y). Oscillations of element rates corresponding to the algal growth between 1974 and 2008 were compared with recorded climate and oceanographic variability. During this period, sea surface temperatures (SST) in Balhaf recorded a warming trend of 0.55 degrees C, corresponding to an increase in Mg and Li content in the algal thallus of 2.…

A Closer Look at Economic Context in Identity Distress, Identity Development, and Adjustment to University

2020

In this study, national rates of youth unemployment were used as a proxy for economic disruption and stability in Spain and Canada, respectively. Identity distress was examined in relation to ident...

A multidisciplinary approach to Neolithic dietary reconstruction: the case of “le Vigneau” site (ca. 4400 BC; Indre-et-Loire, France)

2016

International audience

Une réorganisation de la circulation océanique à l'origine de l'anoxie au cours de la glaciation de l'Ordovicien terminal

2021

Influence de la durée de non exploitation sur la restauration des stocks de bois mort et micro-habitats et recolonisation par les coléoptères saproxy…

2013

National audience

Data from: Choosy beetles: how host trees and southern boreal forest naturalness may determine dead wood beetle communities

2021

See methods section of paper for detailed information on dataset and sources; briefly, these .csv files includes numbers of each beetle species captured at all sites used in the project, as well as information about each site and about each species. Data from: Choosy beetles: how host trees and southern boreal forest naturalness may determine dead wood beetle communities Ryan C. Burner, Tone Birkemoe, Jörg G. Stephan, Lukas Drag, Jörg Muller, Otso Ovakainen, Mária Potterf, Olav Skarpaas, Tord Snall, Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson Forest Ecology and Management, 2021 From abstract of paper: Wood-living beetles make up a large proportion of forest biodiversity, and contribute to important ecosystem se…

Exporting Corporate Governance: Do Foreign and Local Proxy Advisors Differ?

2018

Prior research documents that the large US-based proxy advisors, Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) and Glass Lewis (GL), play an important role as information intermediaries in corporate governance worldwide. We provide initial evidence on the role of local proxy advisors, using the German setting. We analyse voting recommendations by local (IVOX) and foreign (ISS, GL) proxy advisors. First, we find that IVOX’s voting recommendations differ substantially from those of ISS and GL. Second, we observe that IVOX’s against-recommendations are significantly negatively associated with voting support. Third, we find that this association is particularly negative for voting outcomes at compan…