Search results for "psicologia social"

Le basi (neuro) biologiche dei processi cognitivi e affettivi sottostanti il comportamento presociale

2011

Pregiudizio classico e moderno nei confronti dei richiedenti asilo: un contributo alla validazione italiana della Prejudice Against Asylum Seekers Sc…

2021

In this study, we tested the validity of the Italian version of the Prejudice Against Asylum Seekers Scale (PAAS), which measures classic and modern prejudice toward asylum seekers. A sample of 740 participants (227 males and 513 females, aged 18-67) completed the scale. The results were consistent with the original 2-factor model providing an acceptable fit for the data. This study, however, suggests taking out two items from the scale. The two correlated factors showed significant associations with right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and national identification. No gender differences emerged, but only those related to religious affiliation, age, and political orient…

The matching effect in persuasive communication about lockdown

2022

Scientific literature about persuasion has shown that the effectiveness of persuasive communication may depend on the match between the affective or cognitive contents of the message and the affective (Need for Affect) or cognitive (Need for Cognition) orientation of the recipient. The present work aims to contribute to studying this effect by considering the context of health-related communication during the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Specifically, we aim to demonstrate that, when the message is characterized by affective and cognitive contents having the same (congruent message) or different valence (incongruent message), the attitude towards the target (i.e., a new lockdown) will be guided by…

Psicologia degli ATTEGGIAMENTI

2022

Sex differences in mate preferences across 45 countries: a large-scale replication

2020

Considerable research has examined human mate preferences across cultures, finding universal sex differences in preferences for attractiveness and resources as well as sources of systematic cultural variation. Two competing perspectives-an evolutionary psychological perspective and a biosocial role perspective-offer alternative explanations for these findings. However, the original data on which each perspective relies are decades old, and the literature is fraught with conflicting methods, analyses, results, and conclusions. Using a new 45-country sample (N = 14,399), we attempted to replicate classic studies and test both the evolutionary and biosocial role perspectives. Support for unive…

The impact of training of ad hoc teams in industrial settings

2006

This paper aims to reflect the use of training via ad hoc teams to adopt lean production practices. In our research, eleven automobile manufacturer suppliers implement training interventions to achieve better results through lean production, concluding that training helps companies to develop lean production systems and to improve performance indicators.

COVID-19, COMPENSAZIONE DEL CONTROLLO E RWA

Can We Do Better Next Time? Italians' Response to the COVID-19 Emergency through a Heuristics and Biases Lens.

2022

During the outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy, people often failed to adopt behaviors that could have stopped, or at least slowed down, the spread of this deadly disease. We offer cognitive explanations for these decisions, based on some of the most common heuristics and biases that are known to influence human judgment and decision-making, especially under conditions of high uncertainty. Our analysis concludes with the following recommendations: policymakers can and should take advantage of this established science, in order to communicate more effectively and increase the likelihood that people choose responsible actions in a public health crisis.

The Role of Guilt and Empathy on Prosocial Behavior.

2022

Research on the effects of guilt on interpersonal relationships has shown that guilt frequently motivates prosocial behavior in dyadic social situations. When multiple persons are involved, however, this emotion can be disadvantageous for other people in the social environment. Two experiments were carried out to examine the effect of guilt and empathy on prosocial behavior in a context in which more than two people are involved. Experiment 1 investigates whether, in three-person situations, guilt motivates prosocial behavior with beneficial effects for the victim of one’s actions but disadvantageous effects for the third individual. Participants were faced with a social dilemma in wh…

Maximizers’ Susceptibility to the Effect of Frequency vs. Percentage Format in Risk Representation

2022

The present study explored the susceptibility of maximizers to the effect of the specific information format—frequency vs. percentage—in a risk assessment task. One-hundred and fourteen participants were randomized into two experimental conditions: a frequency format and a percentage format. In both conditions, participants had to rate the level of risk that a mental patient would harm someone after his discharge from a mental health facility, based on the information reported in the psychologist’s assessment for that patient. In the frequency condition, the information was presented in terms of frequencies, whereas in the percentage condition the same information was pres…