Search results for "psychopathology."
showing 10 items of 197 documents
Are Polygenic Risk Scores for Major Mental Disorders Associated with General or Specific Psychosis Symptom dimensions?
2019
Background Psychotic symptoms can be conceptualised as dimensions of psychopathology cutting across diagnostic boundaries. Thus, they might be considered enhanced quantitative phenotypes to relate to genetic variants as summarised by Polygenic Risk Scores (PRSs) for Major Mental Disorders (MMDs), including Schizophrenia (SZ), Bipolar Disorder (BP), and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The objectives of this study were to: 1) identify the dimensional structure of symptoms at First Episode Psychosis (FEP), testing whether a bi-factor model statistically fits the conceptualization of psychosis as a single common construct (general psychosis factor) while also recognising multidimensionality (p…
The Italian version of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire: psychometric properties and validation in students, community, and clinical groups
2017
The current study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Italian validation of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ), conceived as a measure of self-criticism and dependency, i.e. two personality factors acting, according to Blatt (2004), as risk factors for depression in particular and psychopathology in general. A series of standardized measures [Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), DEQ, Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, 3rd edition (MCMI-III)] was administered to three samples (i.e., students, community and clinical). Factorial validity was evaluated along with convergent and predictive validity. In order to evaluate the reliability…
The impact of study design and diagnostic approach in a large multi-centre ADHD study: Part 2: Dimensional measures of psychopathology and intelligen…
2011
Contains fulltext : 97437.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: The International Multi-centre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) project with 11 participating centres from 7 European countries and Israel has collected a large behavioural and genetic database for present and future research. Behavioural data were collected from 1068 probands with ADHD and 1446 unselected siblings. The aim was to describe and analyse questionnaire data and IQ measures from all probands and siblings. In particular, to investigate the influence of age, gender, family status (proband vs. sibling), informant, and centres on sample homogeneity in psychopathological measures. METHODS: Conners' Questionnaires, St…
Alcohol binge drinking in adolescence and psychological profile: Can the preclinical model crack the chicken-or-egg question?
2022
During adolescence, internal and external factors contribute to engaging with alcohol binge drinking (ABD), putting at risk the neurodevelopment of brain regions crucial for emotional control and stress coping. This research assessed the prevalence of ABD in late adolescent students of Southern Italy and characterized their psychological profile and drinking motives. Translational effects of alcohol binge drinking in the animal model were also studied. Seven hundred and fifty-nine high school students of both sexes (aged 18–20) were recruited. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C), Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised Short Form, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Invento…
Retos de la investigación psicológica en salud mental
2016
La magnitud y el impacto que suponen los trastornos mentales no se corresponden con los recursos que se dedican a su investigación y atención. Aunque hemos avanzado notablemente en su comprensión y en la eficacia de los tratamientos psicológicos que intentan paliarlos, estamos aún lejos de la situación óptima. Este trabajo se centra en uno de los retos y una de las necesidades que consideramos fundamentales, el incremento de la investigación focalizada en psicopatología, especialmente sobre los mecanismos y procesos que explican y mantienen estos problemas, como eje básico para el desarrollo de nuevas intervenciones psicológicas, tanto para la prevención como para el tratamiento y promoción…
Psychopathology, Dissociation and Somatic Symptoms in Adolescents Who Were Exposed to Traumatic Experiences
2018
Background: The direct and long-term effects of children’s exposure to traumatic events can be seen in a complex continuum, based first of all on the type of trauma. Children’s reactions to trauma may have different manifestations from the clinical picture of the PTSD, exhibiting dissociative, somatic, depressive or anxiety symptoms, and/or disruptiveness. Aim: we conducted a cross-sectional study in a psychiatric patients sample to determine the extent to which complex trauma history is associated with disease-related characteristics (diagnosis, dissociative symptoms, somatic symptomatology, impairment degree). Methods: We have enrolled 107 subjects, aged between 12 and 18 years, who conse…
Attentional biases to emotional scenes in schizophrenia: An eye-tracking study
2020
Attentional biases to emotional information may play a key role in the onset and course of schizophrenia. The aim of this experiment was to examine the attentional processing of four emotional scenes in competition (happy, neutral, sad, threatening) in 53 patients with schizophrenia and 51 controls. The eye movements were recorded in a 20-seconds free-viewing task. The results were: (i) patients showed increased attention on threatening scenes, compared to controls, in terms of attentional engagement and maintenance; (ii) patients payed less attention to happy scenes than controls, in terms of attentional maintenance; (iii) whereas positive symptoms were associated with a late avoidance of …
Normalizing the eating pattern with virtual reality for bulimia nervosa: a case report
2015
AbstractThe aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of a virtual reality (VR) component as a therapeutic tool to normalize eating patterns, as part of the cognitive-behavioral treatment of a bulimia nervosa (BN) patient. Results indicated that the patient made significant progress with her eating habits; binges and vomits were eliminated completely. Moreover, when the VR started the patient avoided food, especially meat (5 over 5), and it was reduction of this avoidance in the lasts sessions (2 and 3 over 5). It was also observed a reduction in the avoidance and the fear of eating (from 10 and 9 to 6 and 5 respectively) and increased the impulse control (from 2 to 7). The patien…
Advancing psychotherapy and evidence-based psychological interventions
2013
Psychological models of mental disorders guide research into psychological and environmental factors that elicit and maintain mental disorders as well as interventions to reduce them. This paper addresses four areas. (1) Psychological models of mental disorders have become increasingly transdiagnostic, focusing on core cognitive endophenotypes of psychopathology from an integrative cognitive psychology perspective rather than offering explanations for unitary mental disorders. It is argued that psychological interventions for mental disorders will increasingly target specific cognitive dysfunctions rather than symptom-based mental disorders as a result. (2) Psychotherapy research still lack…
The treatment of the body image disturbances in eating disorders and clinically significant change
2014
Body image disturbance is a significant maintenance and prog-nosis factor in eating disorders. Hence, existing eating disorder treatments can benefit from direct intervention in patients’ body image. This paper in-cludes a controlled study comparing cognitive behavioural treatment for eating disorders with and without a component for body image treatment using virtual reality techniques. The objective of this work was to check if both types of treatment produced a change clinically significant at the end of the treatment and the follow-up to the year, in body image, eating disor-ders and general psychopathology. Thirty-four participants diagnosed with eating disorders were treated and compa…