Search results for "päätöksenteko"

Calibrating Expert Assessments Using Hierarchical Gaussian Process Models

2020

Expert assessments are routinely used to inform management and other decision making. However, often these assessments contain considerable biases and uncertainties for which reason they should be calibrated if possible. Moreover, coherently combining multiple expert assessments into one estimate poses a long-standing problem in statistics since modeling expert knowledge is often difficult. Here, we present a hierarchical Bayesian model for expert calibration in a task of estimating a continuous univariate parameter. The model allows experts' biases to vary as a function of the true value of the parameter and according to the expert's background. We follow the fully Bayesian approach (the s…

Guidelines for risk management in forest planning – what is risk and when is risk management useful?

2018

Managing forest resources occurs under various sources of uncertainty. Depending on the management problem, this uncertainty may have a substantial impact on the quality of the solution. As our knowledge on the sources and magnitude of uncertainty improves, integrating this knowledge into the development of management plans becomes increasingly useful, as additional information can improve the decision-making process. This adjustment requires a fundamental shift in how planning problems are viewed: instead of interpreting risk management as a technique needed only for addressing problems with natural hazards, risk management should be an integral part of most planning problems. Managing ri…

Value of information in multiple criteria decision making: an application to forest conservation

2019

Abstract Developing environmental conservation plans involves assessing trade-offs between the benefits and costs of conservation. The benefits of conservation can be established with ecological inventories or estimated based on previously collected information. Conducting ecological inventories can be costly, and the additional information may not justify these costs. To clarify the value of these inventories, we investigate the multiple criteria value of information associated with the acquisition of improved ecological data. This information can be useful when informing the decision maker to acquire better information. We extend the concept of the value of information to a multiple crite…

Quantifying and addressing the prevalence and bias of study designs in the environmental and social sciences

2020

Building trust in science and evidence-based decision-making depends heavily on the credibility of studies and their findings. Researchers employ many different study designs that vary in their risk of bias to evaluate the true effect of interventions or impacts. Here, we empirically quantify, on a large scale, the prevalence of different study designs and the magnitude of bias in their estimates. Randomised designs and controlled observational designs with pre-intervention sampling were used by just 23% of intervention studies in biodiversity conservation, and 36% of intervention studies in social science. We demonstrate, through pairwise within-study comparisons across 49 environmental da…

Patented intelligence: Cloning human decision models for Industry 4.0

2018

Industry 4.0 is a trend related to smart factories, which are cyber-physical spaces populated and controlled by the collective intelligence for the autonomous and highly flexible manufacturing purposes. Artificial Intelligence (AI) embedded into various planning, production, and management processes in Industry 4.0 must take the initiative and responsibility for making necessary real-time decisions in many cases. In this paper, we suggest the Pi-Mind technology as a compromise between completely human-expert-driven decision-making and AI-driven decision-making. Pi-Mind enables capturing, cloning and patenting essential parameters of the decision models from a particular human expert making …

DESDEO: The Modular and Open Source Framework for Interactive Multiobjective Optimization

2021

Interactive multiobjective optimization methods incorporate preferences from a human decision maker in the optimization process iteratively. This allows the decision maker to focus on a subset of solutions, learn about the underlying trade-offs among the conflicting objective functions in the problem and adjust preferences during the solution process. Incorporating preference information allows computing only solutions that are interesting to the decision maker, decreasing computation time significantly. Thus, interactive methods have many strengths making them viable for various applications. However, there is a lack of existing software frameworks to apply and experiment with interactive …

Enabling Sociability When Using Virtual Reality Applications : A Design Science Research Approach

2019

Immersive virtual reality applications aim at providing an all-encompassing spatial experience where a user can feel like being in another world or dimension. The systems are inherently designed for individual use as the devices disconnect the user from the physical environment. However, the applications are seldom used alone. Specifically, when used for sales and marketing, the user often needs help from other people but also benefits from social interaction as a part of the experience. Design research methodology is applied to three iterative development versions of a virtual-reality application. The focus of the evaluation of the artifacts is in the social use emphasizing three sociabili…

Dataa näkyvissä: Läpinäkyvyys algoritmien ja datan journalistisessa hyödyntämisessä

2021

Läpinäkyvyyden käsite on noussut keskeiseksi viestinnän, median ja politiikan tutkimuksessa sekä viestinnän ja politiikan käytäntöjen eettisessä arvioinnissa. Läpinäkyvyyttä on esitetty keinoksi ylläpitää ja kasvattaa luottamusta journalistista työtä ja sen tuotteita kohtaan interaktiivisessa media- ja viestintäympäristössä. Tiedontuotannon ja päätöksenteon perustuessa yhä enemmän dataan ja sen prosessointiin läpinäkyvyys on noussut keskeiseksi käsitteeksi myös algoritmisen päätöksenteon kohdalla. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelemme läpinäkyvyyden roolia dataa ja algoritmeja sekä journalismia koskevassa keskustelussa ja esitämme mahdollisuuksia dataan ja algoritmeihin tukeutuvan journalismin l…

Talouspoliittisen päätöksenteon vuorovaikutteisuus ja sen yksilölle tarjoamat strategiset mahdollisuudet : tapaustutkimus Hans Henrik Boijen toiminna…

2003

Clarifying Communication Professionals’ Tasks In Contributing To Organizational Decision Making

2017

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the tasks through which communication professionals and public relations contribute to organizational decision making. In-depth interviews were conducted with Finnish public relations professionals about how they contribute to organizational decision making. The findings provide a rich picture of the tasks in relation to this. The results show that public relations professionals contribute to organizational decision-making processes by nine different tasks. Furthermore, the results indicate that during an organizational decision-making process, professionals switch from one task to another over time, and work simultaneously on several tasks. This pape…