Search results for "quantization"
showing 10 items of 253 documents
En route to Background Independence: Broken split-symmetry, and how to restore it with bi-metric average actions
2014
The most momentous requirement a quantum theory of gravity must satisfy is Background Independence, necessitating in particular an ab initio derivation of the arena all non-gravitational physics takes place in, namely spacetime. Using the background field technique, this requirement translates into the condition of an unbroken split-symmetry connecting the (quantized) metric fluctuations to the (classical) background metric. If the regularization scheme used violates split-symmetry during the quantization process it is mandatory to restore it in the end at the level of observable physics. In this paper we present a detailed investigation of split-symmetry breaking and restoration within the…
Nonlocal symmetry for QED
1993
We demonstrate that QED exhibits a previously unobserved noncovariant, nonlocal symmetry. Some consequences are discussed.
Do metric independent classical actions lead to topological field theories?
1991
Abstract We investigate the quantum theory of non-abelian BF -systems (gauge theories with the classical metric independent action ∫ tr BF A ). The fact that due to a complicated (on-shell reducible) gauge structure the quantum action of these theories does not differ only by a BRST commutator from the classical action, and that moreover the BRST operator turns out to be metric dependent, renders the standard arguments for metric independence inapplicable. We establish the topological nature of these models and argue that in gauge theories the information on gauge invariance is contained entirely in the metric independent part of the BRST operator. We make some general remarks on the relati…
Supersymmetric particle model with additional bosonic coordinates
1986
A new supersymmetric particle model in enlarged superspace with additional bosonic coordinateszij,\(\bar z_{ij} \) (zij=−zji;i=1...N, N even) canonically conjugated to central charges is quantized. The superwave functions which are obtained through first quantization are the free superfields on the enlarged superspace\((x^\mu , \theta _{\alpha i} , \bar \theta _i^{\dot \alpha } , z_{ij} , \bar z_{ij} )\). Two particular cases (N=2 with one additional complex bosonic coordinate andN=8 with seven additional real coordinates) are considered in more detail.
Electronic Processes in Solid State: Dirac Framework
2019
The present paper proposes canonical Dirac framework adapted for application to the electronic processes in solid state. The concern is a spatially periodic structure of atoms distinguished by birth and annihilation of particle states excited due to interaction with the electromagnetic field. This implies replacing the conventional energy-momentum relation specific of the canonical Dirac framework and permissible for particle physics by a case specific relation available for the solid state. The advancement is a unified and consistent mathematical framework incorporating the Hilbert space, the quantum field, and the special relativity. Essential details of the birth and annihilation of the …
Gauge-invariant proper self-energies and vertices in gauge-theories with broken symmetry
1990
Using the pinch technique, we show how to recover, from the {ital S} matrix of a spontaneously broken non-Abelian gauge theory, proper self-energies and vertices which are fully gauge invariant when one or more momenta are off shell. Explicit calculations are carried out at the one-loop level for gauge-boson self-energies and fermion--gauge-boson vertices in a simple SU(2) gauge theory with a Higgs boson. The same technique allows us to calculate, at one-loop order, a neutrino electromagnetic form factor which is gauge invariant at all photon momenta, thus resolving a long-standing problem. We show how massless Goldstone bosons, not present in the {ital S} matrix, must be introduced into Gr…
Wavelet-like orthonormal bases for the lowest Landau level
1994
As a first step in the description of a two-dimensional electron gas in a magnetic field, such as encountered in the fractional quantum Hall effect, we discuss a general procedure for constructing an orthonormal basis for the lowest Landau level, starting from an arbitrary orthonormal basis in L2(R). We discuss in detail two relevant examples coming from wavelet analysis, the Haar and the Littlewood-Paley bases.
Search for an electric charge of the neutron
2018
The electrical neutrality of the neutron is linked to the electric charge quantization. It is not understood yet if the electric charge is quantized or not. Since the discovery of the neutron, many attempts have been made to measure its electric charge ${q}_{n}$ directly and indirectly. We present a method to search for a possible ${q}_{n}$ by means of an optical setup using ultracold neutrons. In a first run, a statistical sensitivity of $\ensuremath{\delta}{q}_{n}=2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}20}\text{ }\text{ }e/\sqrt{\mathrm{day}}$ is achieved. Possible improvements to increase this sensitivity down to $\ensuremath{\delta}{q}_{n}\ensuremath{\approx}1\ifmmode\…
Applying the relativistic quantization condition to a three-particle bound state in a periodic box
2017
Using our recently developed relativistic three-particle quantization condition, we study the finite-volume energy shift of a spin-zero three-particle bound state. We reproduce the result obtained using non-relativistic quantum mechanics by Meissner, Rios and Rusetsky, and generalize the result to a moving frame.
A Quantum Mechanical Model of the Reissner-Nordstrom Black Hole
1997
We consider a Hamiltonian quantum theory of spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat electrovacuum spacetimes. The physical phase space of such spacetimes is spanned by the mass and the charge parameters $M$ and $Q$ of the Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole, together with the corresponding canonical momenta. In this four-dimensional phase space, we perform a canonical transformation such that the resulting configuration variables describe the dynamical properties of Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black holes in a natural manner. The classical Hamiltonian written in terms of these variables and their conjugate momenta is replaced by the corresponding self-adjoint Hamiltonian operator, and an eigenv…