Search results for "quantum theory"

showing 10 items of 234 documents

Chirality and electronic structure of the thiolate-protected Au38 nanocluster.

2010

Structural, electronic, and optical properties of the thiolate-protected Au(38)(SR)(24) cluster are studied by density-functional theory computations (R = CH(3) and R = C(6)H(13)) and by powder X-ray crystallography (R = C(12)H(25)). A low-energy structure which can be written as Au(23)@(Au(SR)(2))(3)(Au(2)(SR)(3))(6) having a bi-icosahedral core and a chiral arrangement of the protecting gold-thiolate Au(x)(SR)(y) units yields an excellent match between the computed (for R = C(6)H(13)) and measured (for R = C(12)H(25)) powder X-ray diffraction function. We interpret in detail the electronic structure of the Au(23) core by using a particle-in-a-cylinder model. Although the alkane thiolate l…

DiffractionModels MolecularCircular dichroismOptical PhenomenaMolecular ConformationStereoisomerismElectronsElectronic structureBiochemistryCatalysisAbsorptionColloid and Surface ChemistryX-Ray DiffractionCluster (physics)Sulfhydryl CompoundsChemistryLigandCircular DichroismStereoisomerismGeneral ChemistryNanostructuresCrystallographyX-ray crystallographyQuantum TheoryGoldChirality (chemistry)Journal of the American Chemical Society
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Ferromagnetic dinuclear mixed-valence Mn(II)/Mn(III) complexes: building blocks for the higher nuclearity complexes. structure, magnetic properties, …

2013

A series of six mixed-valence Mn(II)/Mn(III) dinuclear complexes were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The reactivity of the complexes was surveyed, and structures of three additional trinuclear mixed-valence Mn(III)/Mn(II)/Mn(III) species were resolved. The magnetic properties of the complexes were studied in detail both experimentally and theoretically. All dinuclear complexes show ferromagnetic intramolecular interactions, which were justified on the basis of the electronic structures of the Mn(II) and Mn(III) ions. The large Mn(II)-O-Mn(III) bond angle and small distortion of the Mn(II) cation from the ideal square pyramidal geometry were shown to enhance the ferromag…

DiffractionModels MolecularManganeseValence (chemistry)Molecular StructureChemistryInorganic ChemistryCrystallographyMagnetic FieldsFerromagnetismComputational chemistryMagnetsOrganometallic CompoundsQuantum TheoryDensity functional theoryPhysical and Theoretical Chemistryta116Inorganic chemistry
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Mutual capture of dipolar molecules at low and very low energies. II. Numerical study.

2011

The low-energy rate coefficients of capture of two identical dipolar polarizable rigid rotors in their lowest nonresonant (j(1) = 0 and j(2) = 0) and resonant (j(1) = 0, 1 and j(2) = 1, 0) states are calculated accurately within the close-coupling (CC) approach. The convergence of the quantum rate coefficients to their quantum-classical counterparts is studied. A comparison of the present accurate numerical with approximate analytical results (Nikitin, E. E.; Troe, J. J. Phys. Chem. A 2010, 114, 9762) indicates a good performance of the previous approach which was based on the interpolation between s-wave fly wheel quantal and all-wave classical adiabatic channel limits. The results obtaine…

DipoleModels ChemicalPolarizabilityChemistryConvergence (routing)Quantum TheoryMoleculePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryAtomic physicsAdiabatic processQuantumResonance (particle physics)Interpolation
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Protocol for rational design of covalently interacting inhibitors.

2014

The inhibition potencies of covalent inhibitors mainly result from the formation of a covalent bond to the enzyme during the inhibition mechanism. This class of inhibitors has essentially been ignored in previous target-directed drug discovery projects because of concerns about possible side effects. However, their advantages, such as higher binding energies and longer drug-target residence times moved them into the focus of recent investigations. While the rational design of non-covalent inhibitors became standard the corresponding design of covalent inhibitors is still in its early stages. Potent covalent inhibitors can be retrieved from large compound libraries by covalent docking approa…

Drug discoveryChemistryRational designHybrid approachCombinatorial chemistryAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsEnzymesQM/MMMolecular Docking SimulationNitrophenolsHIV ProteaseDocking (molecular)Covalent bondCatalytic DomainDrug DesignEpoxy CompoundsHumansQuantum TheoryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryBinding siteEnzyme InhibitorsChemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry
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Intramolecular charge transfer and dual fluorescence of 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile: ultrafast branching followed by a two-fold decay mechanism.

2011

International audience; In this contribution we present new experimental and theoretical results for the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) reaction underlying the dual fluorescence of 4-(dimethylamino) benzonitrile ( DMABN), which indicate that the fully twisted ICT (TICT) state is responsible for the time-resolved transient absorption spectrum while a distinct partially twisted ICT (pTICT) structure is suggested for the fluorescent ICT state.

Dual fluorescenceTime Factors010304 chemical physicsGeneral Physics and Astronomy010402 general chemistryBranching (polymer chemistry)Photochemistry01 natural sciencesFluorescenceFluorescence3. Good health0104 chemical sciences[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistryBenzonitrilechemistry.chemical_compoundSpectrometry FluorescencechemistryIntramolecular forceparasitic diseases0103 physical sciencesUltrafast laser spectroscopyNitrilesQuantum TheoryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryUltrashort pulsePhysical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP
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Structural and vibrational study of the tautomerism of histamine free-base in solution.

2003

Infrared and Raman spectroscopy in H(2)O and D(2)O and quantum Density Functional calculations were used to determine the structure of histamine free-base in aqueous solution. A quantum mechanical study of the tautomeric equilibrium of histamine free-base in solution was performed at the 6-311G level. Electronic correlation energies were included by using the hybrid functional B3LYP. The solvent was simulated as a continuum characterized by a dielectric constant, and the quantum system (solute) was placed in an ellipsoidal cavity. Solute-solvent electrostatic interaction was calculated by means a multipolar moment expansion introduced in the Hamiltonian. Four relevant histamine conformation…

Electronic correlationMolecular StructureChemistryInfrared spectroscopyGeneral ChemistrySpectrum Analysis RamanBiochemistryMolecular physicsPotential energyCatalysisHybrid functionalSolutionssymbols.namesakeColloid and Surface ChemistryNormal modeComputational chemistryMolecular vibrationSpectroscopy Fourier Transform InfraredsymbolsQuantum TheoryThermodynamicsRaman spectroscopyConformational isomerismHistamineJournal of the American Chemical Society
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Modelling nanoscale fluid dynamics and transport in physiological flows

1996

The concept of nanotechnology is discussed, and its connection with biomedical engineering is elucidated. For the specific field of nanoscale flow and transport problems of physiological relevance, some typical examples are presented, and their interaction is discussed for some classic biomechanical problems like the flow in arteries with blood-wall coupling. Then, existing computational models are presented and classified according to the length scale of interest, with emphasis on particle-fluid problems. Final remarks address the essential unity of biomedical and engineering behaviour and the possible relevance to small-scale industrial research.

EngineeringErythrocytesMacromolecular SubstancesQuantitative Biology::Tissues and OrgansPhysics::Medical PhysicsBiomedical EngineeringBiophysicsBiological Transport ActiveNanoscale fluid flowMechanical engineeringPhysiological flowsModels BiologicalSettore BIO/09 - FisiologiaBiophysical PhenomenaFluid dynamicsHumansRelevance (information retrieval)Nanoscopic scaleSettore ING-IND/19 - Impianti NucleariComputational modelbusiness.industryCell MembraneIndustrial researchBiophysical PhenomenaBiomechanical PhenomenaCoupling (physics)CartilageNanoscale transportFlow (mathematics)Quantum TheoryThermodynamicsEndothelium VascularRheologyCFDbusinessMedical Engineering & Physics
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Journeys from quantum optics to quantum technology

2017

Sir Peter Knight is a pioneer in quantum optics which has now grown to an important branch of modern physics to study the foundations and applications of quantum physics. He is leading an effort to develop new technologies from quantum mechanics. In this collection of essays, we recall the time we were working with him as a postdoc or a PhD student and look at how the time with him has influenced our research.

EngineeringTechnologyAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticEmerging technologiesQuantum technologiesTRAPPED IONQuantum physicsSINGLE-ATOM0205 Optical PhysicsPhysics - History and Philosophy of PhysicsNONCLASSICAL MOTIONAL STATESFOS: Physical sciences01 natural sciences010305 fluids & plasmasTheoretical physicsQC350Engineering0202 Atomic Molecular Nuclear Particle And Plasma Physics0103 physical sciencesPERIODIC LEVEL-CROSSINGSStatistical and Nonlinear Physics; Electronic Optical and Magnetic Materials; Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics; Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHistory and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)ULTRAFAST MOLECULAR-DYNAMICSElectrical and Electronic Engineering010306 general physicsQCQuantum opticsScience & Technologybusiness.industryElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialModern physics0906 Electrical And Electronic EngineeringINDUCED ELECTRON-DIFFRACTIONStatistical and Nonlinear PhysicsEngineering Electrical & ElectronicOpticsModern physicsAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsQuantum technologyQuantum theoryINDUCED CONTINUUM STRUCTUREHIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATIONENTANGLED COHERENT STATESQuantum Physics (quant-ph)businessBAND SQUEEZED VACUUMStatistical and Nonlinear Physic
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Counterintuitive Mechanisms of the Addition of Hydrogen and Simple Olefins to Heavy Group 13 Alkene Analogues

2013

The mechanism of the reaction of olefins and hydrogen with dimetallenes ArMMAr (Ar = aromatic group; M = Al or Ga) was studied by density functional theory calculations and experimental methods. The digallenes, for which the most experimental data are available, are extensively dissociated to gallanediyl monomers, :GaAr, in hydrocarbon solution, but the calculations and experimental data showed also that they react with simple olefins, such as ethylene, as intact ArGaGaAr dimers via stepwise [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions due to their considerably lower activation barriers vis-à-vis the gallanediyl monomers, :GaAr. This pathway was preferred over the [2 + 2] cycloaddition of olefin to monomeric…

EthyleneStereochemistryGalliumAlkenesBiochemistryMedicinal chemistryCatalysisPropenechemistry.chemical_compoundColloid and Surface ChemistryOrganometallic CompoundsSinglet stateta116chemistry.chemical_classificationOlefin fiberDiradicalChemistryAlkeneGeneral ChemistryCycloadditionCyclizationYield (chemistry)Quantum TheoryCyclobutanesAluminumHydrogenJournal of the American Chemical Society
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First principles investigations of Pd-on-Au nanostructures for trichloroethene catalytic removal from groundwater

2010

Catalytic groundwater remediation from chlorinated organic solvents like trichloroethene (TCE) has been found to be more effective and sustainable than traditional non-destructive methods. Among the experimentally studied catalyst materials, Pd-decorated Au nanoparticles show the highest activity and selectivity combined with the best resistance towards poisoning by chemicals present in groundwater. In this study the thermochemistry and adsorption geometries of TCE and its hydrodechlorination products are investigated via density functional theory calculations. Various model systems for Pd-supported Au nanoparticles are addressed. The adsorption of TCE is endothermic on bare Au(111), almost…

Exothermic reactionModels MolecularHalogenationSurface PropertiesInorganic chemistryGroundwater remediationMolecular ConformationGeneral Physics and AstronomyMetal NanoparticlesEndothermic processCatalysisOverlayerCatalysisWater PurificationAdsorptionThermochemistryPhysical and Theoretical Chemistryta116ChemistryWaterTrichloroethyleneKineticsChemisorptionQuantum TheoryThermodynamicsAdsorptionGoldPalladiumPhysical Chemistry Chemical Physics
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