Search results for "radiation protection"

Measurement and analysis of broadband UVB solar radiation in Spain.

2012

Measurements of broadband UVB irradiance (290-315 nm) at 14 locations in Spain for the period 2000-2009 have been used to generate instantaneous, hourly and daily values of irradiance (W m(-2)) and radiant exposure (kJ m(-2)). These measurements, and its statistical indices, have been analyzed. For the UVB irradiance, the values corresponding to July (maximum) and December (minimum) have been analyzed as representative of the year during the whole period for all locations. For the UVB radiant exposure, the temporal evolution of daily values has been evaluated for all locations to estimate an average yearly behavior. The accumulated radiant exposure for an average year has also been studied …

MULTI-DETECTOR CT STUDIES IN CHILDREN: A COMPARISON OF RADIATION DOSES BETWEEN PAEDIATRIC AND NON-PAEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY UNITS. RESULTS FROM THE FIRST …

2013

RADIATION DOSE FROM MULTIDETECTOR CT EXAMINATIONS IN ADULTS IN ITALY: RESULT OF THE FIRST ITALIAN SURVEY

2013

Risk analysis using fuzzy set theory of accidental exposure of medical staff during brachytherapy procedures

2010

Using fuzzy set theory, this paper presents results from risk analyses that explore potential exposure of medical operators working in a high dose rate brachytherapy irradiation plant. In these analyses, the HEART methodology, a first generation method for human reliability analysis, has been employed to evaluate the probability of human error. This technique has been modified on the basis of fuzzy set concepts to take into account, more directly, the uncertainties of the so-called error-promoting factors on which the method is based. Moreover, with regard to some identified accident scenarios, fuzzy potential dose was also evaluated to estimate the relevant risk. The results also provide s…

Systematic review on physician's knowledge about radiation doses and radiation risks of computed tomography.

2010

Abstract Background The frequent use of computed tomography is a major cause of the increasing medical radiation exposure of the general population. Consequently, dose reduction and radiation protection is a topic of scientific and public concern. Aim We evaluated the available literature on physicians’ knowledge regarding radiation dosages and risks due to computed tomography. Methods A systematic review in accordance with the Cochrane and PRISMA statements was performed using eight databases. 3091 references were found. Only primary studies assessing physicians’ knowledge about computed tomography were included. Results 14 relevant articles were identified, all focussing on dose estimatio…

Protecting sensitive patient groups from imaging using ionizing radiation: effects during pregnancy, in fetal life and childhood

2019

The frequency of imaging examinations requiring radiation exposure in children (especially CT) is rapidly increasing. This paper reviews the current evidence in radiation protection in pediatric imaging, focusing on the recent knowledge of the biological risk related to low doses exposure. Even if there are no strictly defined limits for patient radiation exposure, it is recommended to try to keep doses as low as reasonably achievable (the ALARA principle). To achieve ALARA, several techniques to reduce the radiation dose in radiation-sensitive patients groups are reviewed. The most recent recommendations that provide guidance regarding imaging of pregnant women are also summarized, and the…

The Image Gently in Dentistry campaign: promotion of responsible use of maxillofacial radiology in dentistry for children

2014

© 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. The Image Gently in Dentistry campaign to be launched in September 2014 is a specific initiative of the Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging, supported by organized dentistry and dental education as well as many dental specialty organizations. The objective of the campaign is to change practice by increasing awareness of the opportunities to improve radiation protection when imaging children in dental practices. Six practical steps are provided that underline the principle that one size does not fit all, especially when it comes to using radiography during pediatric dental procedures. When we image children, let us image gently: More is often …

EP-1590: Shielding design and fetal dose evaluation of a breast cancer pregnant patient undergoing HDR Ir-192 brachytherapy

2015

The place of art works in an exhibition on radiation protection

2015

The travelling exhibition “Vous avez dit radioprotection?” is coproduced by a science centre, (le Pavillon des Sciences), a scientific institution, the Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety Institute (IRSN), and the Pays de Montbéliard Agglomération regional authority. It gives an historic perspective on the discovery of radioactivity, and on radiation protection from two main devices: didactic films and artistic creations. Within the framework of a doctorate research in Communication Sciences at the University of Burgundy, France, this case study explores two points of view, the first being the exhibition as a mediating device, and the challenges related to it; the second is related to how th…

Ultraviolet radiation protection by a beach umbrella.

2010

A beach umbrella intercepts all direct UV irradiance, but only part of the diffuse component. Using a simple sky view factor model, we have determined the fraction of the hemispheric diffuse irradiance that is not intercepted by the umbrella. Assuming a sensor at the surface and close to the center of the umbrella, isotropic diffuse irradiance and for an umbrella of 80 cm radius and 100 cm high, our results show that approximately 34% of the incident horizontal irradiance is not intercepted by the umbrella. These results agree with irradiance measurements conducted with and without the umbrella. The model is next extended to examine receipt of UV radiation by a human figure in a vertical po…