Search results for "rationality"
showing 10 items of 144 documents
The rationality of acceptance in a nuclear community: analysing residents' opinions on the expansion of the SNF repository in the municipality of Eur…
2010
The project to build a final disposal repository for Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) in the municipality of Eurajoki, Finland, is approaching its 2012 deadline for the application of a construction licence. At the same time, the nuclear waste company Posiva is already planning to expand the disposal capacity of the repository. This paper addresses the question of acceptance among the residents of Eurajoki regarding the repository's expansion, and examines what aspects should be taken into consideration when explaining local opinions. The local acceptance figures for Eurajoki are analysed in relation to assumptions of the six common explanation types. The relationship between information deficit, s…
Marginal contribution, reciprocity and equity in segregated groups: Bounded rationality and selforganization in social networks
2007
We study the formation of social networks that are based on local interaction and simple rule following. Agents evaluate the profitability of link formation on the basis of the Myerson-Shapley principle that payoffs come from the marginal contribution they make to coalitions. The NP-hard problem associated with the Myerson-Shapley value is replaced by a boundedly rational 'spatially' myopic process. Agents consider payoffs from direct links with their neighbours (level 1), which can include indirect payoffs from neighbours' neighbours (level 2) and up to M-levels that are far from global. Agents dynamically break away from the neighbour to whom they make the least marginal contribution. Com…
A Reinforcement Learning Approach for User Preference-aware Energy Sharing Systems
2021
Energy Sharing Systems (ESS) are envisioned to be the future of power systems. In these systems, consumers equipped with renewable energy generation capabilities are able to participate in an energy market to sell their energy. This paper proposes an ESS that, differently from previous works, takes into account the consumers’ preference, engagement, and bounded rationality. The problem of maximizing the energy exchange while considering such user modeling is formulated and shown to be NP-Hard. To learn the user behavior, two heuristics are proposed: 1) a Reinforcement Learning-based algorithm, which provides a bounded regret and 2) a more computationally efficient heuristic, named BPT- ${K}…
Il principio metodologico assente. Perché i giudici non sembrano argomentare in modo sufficientemente razionale e perché, invece, dovrebbero farlo
2011
In questo lavoro sosterrò due tesi. La prima è che non sembra possibile ricostruire il contenuto (di molte) delle motivazioni giudiziali elaborate in molti Stati Costituzionali come una catena di argomenti logicamente corretta. Se, infatti, teniamo conto degli argomenti normalmente addotti nelle sentenze, dei cosiddetti livelli espliciti della motivazione giudiziale, spesso nella giustificazione esterna della premessa maggiore del sillogismo decisionale manca una premessa normativa di carattere generale (che possa, ovviamente, giustificare in modo corretto la premessa maggiore medesima, e “a fortiori” il dispositivo). La seconda tesi che sosterrò è che solo in presenza di certe condizioni i…
Law, Plans and Practical Rartionality
2012
There is, according to many contemporary jurisprudential theories, a tight relationship between law and practical rationality: the law gives us, or at least it purports to give us, reasons for action. In his book, Legality (2011), Scott J. Shapiro puts forward what at first glance appears to be a new view in this vein. Shapiro calls it the “Planning Theory” of law; it provides an account of what the law is in terms of a particular kind of reasons: plans (a notion moulded, in his work in the philosophy of action, by Michael E. Bratman). In this paper, I provide a reconstruction of the Planning Theory as a view of the relationships between law and practical rationality, and I point to some fu…
Derecho, planes y racionalidad práctica
2015
There is, according to many contemporary jurisprudential theories, a tight relationship between law and practical rationality: the law gives us, or at least it purports to give us, reasons for action. In his book, Legality (2011), Scott J. Shapiro puts forward what at first glance appears to be a new view in this vein. Shapiro calls it the “Planning Theory” of law; it provides an account of what the law is in terms of a particular kind of reasons: plans (a notion moulded, in his work in the philosophy of action, by Michael E. Bratman). In this paper, I provide a reconstruction of the Planning Theory as a view of the relationships between law and practical rationality, and I point to some fu…
The Italian version of the Cognitive Style Indicator and its association with decision-making preferences
2018
By adopting a more flexible view, Cools and Van den Broeck (2007) developed the Cognitive Style Indicator (CoSI) which includes three cognitive dimensions: Creating (flexible, open-ended and inventive), Knowing (emphasizing facts, details, objectivity, and rationality), and Planning (guided by preferences for certainty and well-structured information). The first aim of this research was to validate the three factor structure of the CoSI within the Italian context, whereas the second was to verify whether cognitive styles, as measured by the CoSI, accounted for individual differences in decision-making processes. Two studies were conducted using two different samples (n = 549 and n = 397). C…
Religione e razionalità comunicativa. Juergen Habermas e la " Nuova Teologia Politica"
2015
Jürgen Habermas’ recent work is focused on the relationship between reason and faith in what he suggest that we should name post-secular society. Habermas argues that traditional religions such as Christianity can have semantic contents very useful to uphold a moral motivation in order to contrast the instrumental reason of the globalized markets. I will try to show that these recent developments of Habermas’ theories risk to conflict with some elements of his previous approach. As a consequence, I suggest that we carefully look to the critiques that the catholic theologian J. B. Metz made to Habermas’ previous approach. In fact, I argue that Metz’s proposal of a “New Political Theology”, w…
La "razionalità" delle vittime di estorsione e l'impatto dell'overload informativo
2016
Il capitolo presenta un breve excursus tra le contrapposte interpretazioni del fenomeno mafioso e in particolare di quello estorto. Prende poi in considerazione i concetti di incertezza, rischio e overload informativo per vedere come sono stati trattati dalla teoria sociologica contemporanea e come è possibile utilizzare tali concetti nell'interpretazione dello stato delle vittime di estorsione. Si analizzano infine la prospettiva culturista nella sua versione 2.0 e gli effetti dell'overload informativo sulle vittime. The chapter presents a brief excursus between the opposing interpretations of the mafia phenomenon and in particular of the extorted one. It then takes into consideration the …
Responsibility in uncertain times: an institutional perspective on precaution
2008
Precaution is a key issue in environmental governance. Variously defined, intensively debated and introduced in many regulations, its meaning, scope and application remain problematic. This article argues that the controversy on precaution is a matter of culturally patterned expectations concerning the production and use of knowledge and the related social positions and responsibilities. The way uncertainty and its role in the policy process are understood is crucial. For some precaution is a flawed concept, to be accommodated to the current expert-based cooperative scheme. For others it is a major innovation requiring a rearrangement of the latter. Precautionary policies may evolve in dif…