Search results for "rationality"

Split-ticket voting in German Federal elections, 1953–90: an example of sophisticated balloting?

1999

Abstract Though the German electoral system has provided the opportunity of split-ticket voting since 1953, until now there has only been mere speculation concerning the rationality of ticket-splitting. In this paper we examine the rationality thesis empirically, using data provided by the official representative electoral statistics of the Federal Republic. Modifying the Downsian notion of rational voting, rational ticket-splitting is defined in terms of coalition building and of voters' expectations of the electoral success of candidates and parties. Applying this conceptual framework, it will be shown that the combinations of first and second votes actually chosen by a majority of the Ge…

An evolutionary model of voting

2001

Collective allocation of resources that takes place in po- litical markets is characterized by the complex exchange that emerges among the individuals involved. Traditional Public Choice models de- part from individual rational choice in a setup in which many of its strict requirements need not hold. This paper introduces a model of social interaction among agents in a simple political market which de- parts from bounded rationality and evolutionary dynamics as the key mechanisms that drive individual behavior. Learning plays a signicant role as it allows to establish an individual link between decisions and collective outcomes. The model is that of a representative democracy with two parti…

Críticas inmanentes al pensamiento de Jürgen Habermas: la teoría de la lucha por el reconocimiento y la ética de la razón cordial

2020

El presente articulo trata de presentar los modelos teoricos de Axel Honneth y Adela Cortina —teoria de la lucha por el reconocimiento y etica de la razon cordial, respectivamente— como una respuesta critica a algunas deficiencias localizadas en la teoria de la accion comunicativa y la etica del discurso habermasiana. Tras exponer los elementos mas importantes de los modelos de Habermas, sistematizare algunos de los problemas fundamentales que se derivan de ellos. En segundo lugar, reconstruire el significado de la teoria de la lucha por el reconocimiento en el sentido de una superacion de la dicotomica separacion habermasiana entre sistema y mundo de la vida ; para realizar, en tercer luga…

Axiomatic characterization of the weighted solidarity values

2014

Abstract We define and characterize the class of all weighted solidarity values . Our first characterization employs the classical axioms determining the solidarity value (except symmetry ), that is, efficiency , additivity and the A-null player axiom , and two new axioms called proportionality and strong individual rationality . In our second axiomatization, the additivity and the A-null player axioms are replaced by a new axiom called average marginality .

Some dissenting views on the transitivity of individual preference

1990

(1) The transitivity property is not a necessary condition for the rationality of all individual preference relations. (2) A weakened definition of the transitivity is not necessarily relevant. (3) The non-transitivity of fuzzy preference relations is not inconsistent with a fuzzy total preorder structure on the set of alternatives.

Thinking About Something Else: A Rationality‐Compatible Mechanism with Macroscopic Consequences

2001

CO2 Prices, Energy and Weather

2007

One of the main objectives of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme is the establishment of a market price level for allowances that show to European CO 2 emitting installations the environmental impact of their polluting activities. The aim of this paper is to focus on the daily price changes during 2005 in an attempt to examine the underlying rationality of pricing behaviour. Specifically, we study the effect of those weather and non-weather variables that academic and market agents consider as the major determinants of the of CO 2 price levels. The results show that the energy sources are the principal factors in the determination of CO 2 price levels, and that only extreme temperat…

Inferring Cognitive Heterogeneity From Aggregate Choices

2020

Theories of bounded rationality often assume a rich dataset of choices from many overlapping menus, limiting their practical applicability. In contrast, we study the problem of identifying the distribution of cognitive characteristics in a population of agents from a minimal dataset that consists of aggregate choice shares from a single menu, and includes no observable covariates of any kind. With homogeneous preferences, we find that “consideration capacity” and “consideration probability” distributions can both be recovered effectively if the menu is sufficiently large. This remains true generically when tastes are heterogeneous with a known distribution. When the taste distribution is un…

Preference, Rationality and Interindividual Variation: The Persisting Debate About Female Choice

2015

Contemporary research on sexual selection remains deeply influenced by the controversy between Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace about the true nature and importance of female choice. After briefly reviewing the main points of disagreement between the two famous evolutionists, I discuss some methodological issues relevant to the contemporary study of female choice. I first use some recent controversy about sexual selection in the Indian Peafowl, Pavo cristatus, to illustrate several recurring problems and shortcomings in the empirical study of female preference for male characters. I then address the empirical evidence for rationality in female choice, and discuss how the recently em…

Is Ethics Rational? Teleological, Deontological and Virtue Ethics Theories Reconciled in the Context of Traditional Economic Decision Making

2016

Abstract This article examines the most prominent ethical theories from the view point of economic rationality. Authors argue that utilitarian perspective which used to be connected with classical concepts of rationality in economics is not the only approach to understand reasoning behind the human behaviour. Moreover, Virtue ethics developed by Aristotle more than 2000 years ago, gives modern perspective to the questions of morale and ethics, connecting individuals to broader communities and explaining their motivation and actions. Similarly, deontological theories that from the first sight might seem as contradicting to rational choice, explain human behaviour when examined at the macro l…