Search results for "rats"
showing 10 items of 3537 documents
Age-related changes in cholesterol metabolism in macrosomic offspring of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
2001
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of diabetic macrosomia on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism. Age-related changes in the activities of serum LCAT, hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, and ACAT, the major enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism, were determined in macrosomic offspring of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Hepatic, serum, and lipoprotein cholesterol contents were also examined. Mild hyperglycemia in pregnant rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight) on day 5 of gestation. Control pregnant rats were injected with citrate buffer. At birth, macrosomic pups had higher serum, LDL-HDL1, and H…
Physical Activity Differentially Affects the Cecal Microbiota of Ovariectomized Female Rats Selectively Bred for High and Low Aerobic Capacity
2015
The gut microbiota is considered a relevant factor in obesity and associated metabolic diseases, for which postmenopausal women are particularly at risk. Increasing physical activity has been recognized as an efficacious approach to prevent or treat obesity, yet the impact of physical activity on the microbiota remains under-investigated. We examined the impacts of voluntary exercise on host metabolism and gut microbiota in ovariectomized (OVX) high capacity (HCR) and low capacity running (LCR) rats. HCR and LCR rats (age = 27 wk) were OVX and fed a high-fat diet (45% kcal fat) ad libitum and housed in cages equipped with (exercise, EX) or without (sedentary, SED) running wheels for 11 wk (…
Oxygen and glucose deprivation induces major dysfunction in the somatosensory cortex of the newborn rat
2005
The mechanisms and functional consequences of ischemia-induced injury during perinatal development are poorly understood. Subplate neurons (SPn) play a central role in early cortical development and a pathophysiological impairment of these neurons may have long-term detrimental effects on cortical function. The acute and long-term consequences of combined oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) were investigated in SPn and compared with OGD-induced dysfunction of immature layer V pyramidal cortical neurons (PCn) in somatosensory cortical slices from postnatal day (P)0-4 rats. OGD for 50 min followed by a 10-24-h period of normal oxygenation and glucose supply in vitro or in culture led to pron…
Long-Term Evaluation of a Rat Model of Chronic Cholangitis Resembling Human Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
2003
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic disorder with a presumed autoimmune aetiopathogenesis. We have recently described a novel organ-specific rat model of fibrosing cholangitis induced by intrabiliary administration of the hapten-reagent 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) with similarities to human PSC. In the present report, we have evaluated the long-term outcome of TNBS-induced cholangitis in this model. Mild stenosis of the common bile duct of female Lewis rats (n = 18) was achieved by subtotal ligation and cholangitis induced by TNBS injection (50 mg/kg) into the dilated bile duct after a second laparotomy. After 8 and 12 months, we found no evidence of …
Interrelation of peptidergic innervation with mast cells and ED1-positive cells in rat thymus
1991
The peptidergic innervation of rat thymus has been investigated by immunohistochemical methods, focusing on the spatial interrelationship of peptidergic nerve fibers with mast cells and macrophages in the rat. An antiserum directed against the protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) regarded as a pan-neuronal marker revealed a rich innervation, especially in the subcapsular cortex, in interlobular septa, and of the vasculature in the cortex and the corticomedullary boundary. A minor proportion of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive (ir) fibers supplied the thymic parenchyma. The main component of peptidergic innervation consisted of fibers costaining for tachykinins (TKs) and calcitonin gene-related peptide …
Aquaporin-4 distribution in control and stressed astrocytes in culture and in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with traumatic brain injuries
2012
Distribution of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) was studied by western analysis and immunofluorescence in rat astrocytes exposed to either hypothermic (30 °C) or hyperosmolar (0.45 M sucrose) stress, and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients who suffered traumatic brain injury (TBI). CSF was obtained from 5 healthy subjects and from 20 patients suffering from severe TBI. CSF samples were taken at admission and on days 3 and 5-7. Here we report that, in response to both hypothermia and hyperosmolar stress, AQP4 was markedly reduced in cultured astrocytes. We also found that AQP4 significantly increased in patients with severe brain injury in respect to healthy subjects (P < 0.002). AQP4 in CSF rem…
Temporary warm ischaemia, 5/6 nephrectomy and single uranylnitrate administration — comparison of three models intended to cause renal fibrosis in ra…
2001
In patients the progression of pathologic renal processes after the treatment of primary disease is a problem of increasing importance and therapeutic strategies are insufficient till now. The aim of this paper was to search for rat models of interstitial fibrosis as a basis for testing therapeutic strategies to prevent end-stage renal failure. Experiments were done on adult female Wistar rats (Han:Wist) to investigate long-term consequences of temporary warm ischaemia, 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 NX) and single uranyl nitrate (UN) administration (0.3 or 0.5 mg/ 100 g body wt. intraperitoneally). Observation time was 20 weeks after injury in each group. Creatinine clearance, urinary protein excret…
Catestatin-like immunoreactivity in the rat eye
2014
The aim of the study was to investigate the presence and distribution of the chromogranin A-derived peptide catestatin in the rat eye and trigeminal ganglion by immunofluorescence using an antibody which recognizes not only free catestatin but also larger fragments containing the sequence of catestatin. Western blots were performed in an attempt to characterize the immunoreactivities detected by the catestatin antiserum. Sparse immunoreactive nerve fibers were visualized in the corneal stroma, in the chamber angle, in the sphincter muscle but also in association with the dilator muscle, in the stroma of the ciliary body and processes, but dense in the irideal stroma, around blood vessels at…
Muscarinic mobilization of choline in rat brain in vivo as shown by the cerebral arterio-venous difference of choline.
1987
In anesthetized rats, the choline levels of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma obtained from blood collected from peripheral vessels (carotid artery, cardiac vessels) and from the transverse sinus were determined with a radioenzymatic assay. Cortical release of choline was studied using the "cup technique." The plasma choline level of the peripheral blood (11.5 mumol/L) was lower than that of the sinus blood. The resulting cerebral arterio-venous difference of choline was negative (3.2 mumol/L) and reflected the net release of choline from the whole brain. The plasma choline levels were not different irrespective of whether the rats were anesthetized with ether, urethane, or pentobarbital. Howe…
Calcium Dependence of the Mechanical Response Evoked by Okadaic Acid in Smooth Muscle
1995
The effects of okadaic acid (OA), obtained from a culture of the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum Lima were studied on isolated strips of rat myometrium. The contractile response evoked by OA at 5, 10, and 20 μM in normal physiological solution was unaffected in the presence of tetrodotoxin (10 μM), indomethacin (3 μM), or a cocktail of antagonists which blocked muscarinic, adrenergic, histaminergic, serotonergic, and opioid receptors. Similarly, the response to OA was unaffected in the presence of nifedipine at a concentration (1 μM) which completely or highly blocked the response to KCl (60 mM), oxytocin (1 μM), or acetylcholine (100 μM). In a Ca 2+ -free 1 mM EGTA-containing solution, …