Search results for "reactive oxygen specie"

Neuroprotection and antioxidative effects of Sijunzi Tang Decoction in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

2016

Abstract Introduction Knowledge about the pharmacological properties of traditional TCM formulas is scarce as is their impact on aging. This study evaluated the potential effects of Sijunzi Tang Decoction (SJZTD), Si-Wu-Tang Decoction (SWTD), and Liuwei Dihuang Decoction (LWDHD) against oxidative stress and glucotoxic stress-induced neuronal dysfunction and lifespan reduction. Methods Nematodes ( C. elegans ) were cultivated under 10 mmol/L paraquat or 400 mmol/L glucose to assess the protective effects of a systemic Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment. Lifespan was determined by calculation of Kaplan-Meier survival curves, formation of reactive oxygen species was quantified by hyd…

Redox Regulation by HGF/c-Met in Liver Disease

2017

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have gained considerable attention in recent years because of their direct involvement in the regulation of multiple physiological and pathological processes. Under normal conditions, ROS have an important role in cell signaling and function as essential mediators of cell homeostasis. However, imbalance between ROS and antioxidant systems induces oxidative stress, which leads to cell and tissue damage. The cellular redox modulation by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c-Met in the liver has been studied extensively in the past. The generation of liver-specific c-Met–knockout mice has allowed to demonstrate the fundamental importance of HGF/c-Met i…

Dimethyl fumarate alters intracellular Ca2+ handling in immune cells by redox-mediated pleiotropic effects

2019

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is widely used to treat the human autoimmune diseases multiple sclerosis (MS) and psoriasis. DMF causes short-term oxidative stress and activates the antioxidant response via the transcription factor Nrf2 but its immunosuppressive effect is not well understood. Immune cell activation depends on calcium signaling which itself is influenced by the cellular redox state. We therefore measured calcium, reactive oxygen species levels and glutathione content in lymphocytes from immunized mice before onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MS patients treated with DMF, and in mouse splenocytes treated ex vivo with DMF. T…

Real-time cytometric assay of nitric oxide and superoxide interaction in peripheral blood monocytes: A no-wash, no-lyse kinetic method

2015

Background Nitric oxide (NO) and its related reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial in monocyte responses against pathogens and also in inflammatory conditions. Central to both processes is the generation of the strong oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO) by a fast reaction between NO and superoxide anion. ONOO is a biochemical junction for ROS- and RNS cytotoxicity and causes protein nitrosylation. Circulating by-products of protein nitrosylation are early biomarkers of inflammation-based conditions, including minimal hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients (Montoliu et al., Am J Gastroenterol 2011; 106:1629–1637). In this context, we have designed a nov…

Impact of Oxidative Stress on the Heart and Vasculature

2017

Abstract Vascular disease and heart failure impart an enormous burden in terms of global morbidity and mortality. Although there are many different causes of cardiac and vascular disease, most causes share an important pathological mechanism: oxidative stress. In the failing heart, oxidative stress occurs in the myocardium and correlates with left ventricular dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) negatively affect myocardial calcium handling, cause arrhythmia, and contribute to cardiac remodeling by inducing hypertrophic signaling, apoptosis, and necrosis. Similarly, oxidative balance in the vasculature is tightly regulated by a wealth of pro- and antioxidant systems that orchestrate r…

The role of Ca(2+) in cell death caused by oxidative glutamate toxicity and ferroptosis

2018

Ca(2+) ions play a fundamental role in cell death mediated by oxidative glutamate toxicity or oxytosis, a form of programmed cell death similar and possibly identical to other forms of cell death like ferroptosis. Ca(2+) influx from the extracellular space occurs late in a cascade characterized by depletion of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione, increases in cytosolic reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we aim to compare oxidative glutamate toxicity with ferroptosis, address the signaling pathways that culminate in Ca(2+) influx and cell death and discuss the proteins that mediate this. Recent evidence hints toward a role of the machinery responsible for stor…

Transcriptional response of Erwinia amylovora to copper shock: in vivo role of the copA gene

2017

Fire blight is a devastating plant disease caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, and its control is frequently based on the use of copper-based compounds whose mechanisms of action are not well known. Consequently, in this article, we investigate the response of E. amylovora to copper shock by a whole-genome microarray approach. Transcriptional analyses showed that, in the presence of copper, 23 genes were increased in expression; these genes were classified mainly into the transport and stress functional categories. Among them, the copA gene was strongly induced and regulated in a finely tuned manner by copper. Mutation of copA, soxS, arcB, yjcE, ygcF, yhhQ, galF and EAM_3469 genes re…

Evaluation of Carotenoids Protection Against Oxidative Stress in the Animal Model Caenorhabditis elegans

2019

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a versatile and powerful model organism for animal experimental research and, despite being an invertebrate, displays remarkably similar molecular bases and conserved cellular pathways to those of humans. Oxidative stress is an etiological factor that influences numerous diseases, degenerative processes and aging. C. elegans has revealed as an opportune and feasible organism to investigate the antioxidant effects of different bioactives or complex food matrices, and a number of protocols have been developed by using different oxidative stressors. Carotenoids are recognized as quenchers and scavengers of reactive oxygen species, and many of their relate…

2016

AbstractAlcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) resulting from excess alcohol consumption is an important cause of heart failure (HF). Although it is assumed that the cardiotoxicity of the ethanol (EtOH)-metabolite acetaldehyde (ACA) is central for its development and progression, the exact mechanisms remain obscure. Murine cardiomyocytes (CMs) exposed to ACA or EtOH showed increased superoxide (O2•−) levels and decreased mitochondrial polarization, both being normalized by NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibition. C57BL/6 mice and mice deficient for the ACA-degrading enzyme mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2−/−) were fed a 2% EtOH diet for 5 weeks creating an ACA-overload. 2% EtOH-fed ALDH-2−/− mic…

Photocatalytic Activity of Polymer Nanoparticles Modulates Intracellular Calcium Dynamics and Reactive Oxygen Species in HEK-293 Cells

2018

Optical modulation of living cells activity by light-absorbing exogenous materials is gaining increasing interest, due to the possibility both to achieve high spatial and temporal resolution with a minimally invasive and reversible technique and to avoid the need of viral transfection with light-sensitive proteins. In this context, conjugated polymers represent ideal candidates for photo-transduction, due to their excellent optoelectronic and biocompatibility properties. In this work, we demonstrate that organic polymer nanoparticles, based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) conjugated polymer, establish a functional interaction with an in vitro cell model (Human Embryonic Kidney cells, HEK-293). Th…