Search results for "redistribution"
showing 10 items of 85 documents
Annealing reactions in lead implanted copper
2002
Abstract The terminal solubility of Pb in Cu is extremely low and does not exceed 0.09 at.% at 875 K. Ion implantation of lead ions at 100 keV into Cu single crystals produces metastable solutions. Annealing of the samples causes redistribution of the implanted atoms to equilibrium or near-equilibrium aggregate states which may be reflected in a change in the type of impurity lattice location in the host matrix. We have studied the effect of annealing on single crystalline Cu implanted at temperatures around 375 K with Pb to a concentration of a 1–2 at.%. Rutherford backscattering/channeling analysis and transmission electron microscopy of the as-implanted samples have shown that the implan…
Stability and decay of nuclei at the end of the periodic system
1992
Abstract Recent studies of nuclear mass models show that it is essential to account for the Coulomb redistribution energy when calculating the nuclear potential energy in the heavy-element region. Results obtained by use of a mass model that includes Coulomb redistribution effects are analyzed. Q -values for α- and β-decay are calculated. Half-lives for α-decay are estimated by use of the Viola-Seaborg systematics. For EC, β + decay and β − decay, half-lives are calculated in a microsciopic QRPA model. Calculated single-particle level structures in the heavy-element region are presented. These indicate possible regions of isomers that would be unusually stable with respect to spontaneous fi…
A "Swedish" actuarial balance sheet for a notional defined contribution pension scheme with disability and retirement benefits
2016
This paper proposes a “Swedish” type actuarial balance sheet for a notional defined contribution scheme embedding disability insurance within the retirement pension system. The underlying framework supporting the actuarial balance relies on a multistate overlapping generations model that includes the so-called survivor dividend and a minimum pension benefit for both contingencies. The proposed ABS splits the system into two parts: the actuarial part (pure NDC) and the redistributive part, which includes the assets and liabilities originating from non-contributory rights. The paper also contains a numerical example that sheds light on the real applicability of our proposal and confirms that …
How Do Unisex Life Care Annuities Embedded in a Pay-As-You-Go Retirement System Affect Gender Redistribution?
2017
This paper deals with the idea of converting retirement benefit into a life care annuity with graded benefits using a pre-existing public pay-as-you-go pension scheme. Based on accurate biometric data from Australia and the US, the paper shows that using gender-neutral annuity factors to compute the initial benefit involves a large increase in ex-ante gender redistribution compared to a system without long-term coverage. In spite of the very different biometric data, the results are surprisingly similar for both countries. To disentangle the hidden redistribution, a methodology based on conversion (actuarial) factors is used. The value of the actuarial factor relies on a multistate framewor…
Nonlinear radiation imprisonment in magneto-optical vapor traps
2008
We analyze nonlinear radiation imprisonment (RI) effects in an optically thick vapor in different temperature regimes. An analytical approach is proposed to treat nonlinear decay problems. Special attention is paid to vapor samples having curvilinear geometries (cylinder, sphere) and being excited by a strong laser pulse. We derive a number of new formulas for different radiative trapping factors as functions of opacity and propose a general approach for RI evaluation allowing us to deal with samples both at room and low, or very low, temperatures, such as those customarily achieved in magneto-optical trap (MOT) experiments. As a result, we predict a "subnatural" decay of radiation escaping…
Energy and frequency dependence of the alpha particle redistribution produced by internal kink modes
2014
International audience; The redistribution of alpha particles due to internal kink modes is studied. The exact particle trajectories in the total fields, equilibrium plus perturbation, are calculated. The equilibrium has circular cross section and the plasma parameters are similar to those expected in ITER. The alpha particles are initially distributed according to a slowing down distribution function and have energies between 18 keV and 3.5 MeV. The (1, 1), (2, 2), and (2, 1) modes are included and the effect of changing their amplitude and frequency is studied. When only the (1, 1) mode is included, the spreading of high energy ( E≳1 MeV) alpha particles increases slowly with the energy …
Challenges à relever pour la politique budgétaire en Amérique latine en matière de stabilisation et de redistribution
2015
A paraître; International audience
Education in Rwanda. Rebalancing Resources to Accelerate Post-Conflict Development and Poverty Reduction
2003
International audience; Rwanda's recent history was marred by genocide in 1994, in which at least ten percent of the population lost their lives. Rebuilding the stock of human capital is an important part of the rehabilitation process, where the government has made efforts to broaden access to education, and enhance the quality of services. On the international stage, the education sector has also come into the limelight, specifically under the 2000 United Nations Millennium Declaration, and, the foregoing context presents clear challenges for education managers. The purpose of this report is to provide a factual basis for discussion. Noteworthy are the efforts to reduce grade repetition in…
Constructing Transnational Fields
2018
This chapter studies the evolving relationship between the redistribution of social resources and the structuration of institutional spaces beyond the nation-state. The author first discusses general features of transnational fields and then moves to an examination of the European Parliament as an empirical case. In this perspective, the object of this approach, transnational social fields, form the social infrastructure of globalization processes. They are historical constructions, subjected to a double historicity: the development of the position of the scholar and the development of the objects that she tries to elucidate in relation to other objects. Transnational fields enable the scho…
Substituent effects on the photophysical properties of fluorescent 2-benzoylmethylenequinoline difluoroboranes: A combined experimental and quantum c…
2013
Abstract In this study, we demonstrate a successful synergy between theory and experiment and report on the photophysical properties of a recently synthesized series of substituted 2-benzoylmethylenequinoline difluoroboranes with a view towards the effect of substitution on their properties. In general difluoroboranes are known to have a bright fluorescence but for some analogs the properties are not fully understood. Quantum chemistry methods have been applied in order to explain a complex structure of the absorption and emission spectra and to gain an insight into the charge redistribution upon the excitation of the investigated molecules. We demonstrate that the spectra of this important…