Search results for "redundancy"
showing 10 items of 100 documents
An Overview of Business Writing: Challenges and Solutions
2019
Abstract Bad writing can affect individuals and companies alike. It can cause confusion and misunderstanding, waste important resources of time and money, erode credibility and trust. On the other hand, clear writing will increase productivity, promote goodwill, and cement relations. This article discusses some of the most common problems encountered in business writing, together with their causes and the solutions proposed in the literature. Using too many words, an abstract vocabulary, and passive constructions will obscure the message and tire the reader. Conversely, the elimination of clutter, the use of plain words and personal pronouns, and the construction of sentences with clear sub…
Gynecomastia
2020
Gynecomastia is a swelling of the male breast as a result of the growth of two components: The adipose and the glandular tissue, sometimes unilateral, but more often occurring in bilateral form. Several classification systems were proposed, based on the hypertrophy of the tissue and the position of the nipple-areola complex. The clinical examination and blood analysis play an important role in excluding endocrine tumors or hormone balance modification and in choosing the treatment. The management of gynecomastia considers the drug therapy in case of hormones disorder. But surgical procedures, such as the combined adenectomy/liposuction, represent the gold standard of treatment. Skin redunda…
Tool-Point Control for a Redundant Heave Compensated Hydraulic Manipulator
2012
Abstract In this paper, theoretical and experimental implementation of heave compensation on a redundant hydraulically actuated manipulator with 3-dof has been carried out. The redundancy is solved using the pseudo-inverse Jacobian method. Techniques for minimizing velocities and avoiding mechanical joint saturations is implemented in the null space joint motion. Model based feed-forward, combined with a PI-controller handles the velocity control of each joint. A time domain simulation model has been developed, experimentally verified, and used for controller parameter tuning. Model verification and experimental results are obtained while the manipulator is exposed to wave disturbances crea…
A new Framework for the Spectral Information Decomposition of Multivariate Gaussian Processes
2021
: Different information-theoretic measures are available in the literature for the study of pairwise and higher-order interactions in multivariate dynamical systems. While these measures operate in the time domain, several physiological and non-physiological systems exhibit a rich oscillatory content that is typically analyzed in the frequency domain through spectral and cross-spectral approaches. For Gaussian systems, the relation between information and spectral measures has been established considering coupling and causality measures, but not for higher-order interactions. To fill this gap, in this work we introduce an information-theoretic framework in the frequency domain to quantify t…
Functional connectivity inference from fMRI data using multivariate information measures
2022
Abstract Shannon’s entropy or an extension of Shannon’s entropy can be used to quantify information transmission between or among variables. Mutual information is the pair-wise information that captures nonlinear relationships between variables. It is more robust than linear correlation methods. Beyond mutual information, two generalizations are defined for multivariate distributions: interaction information or co-information and total correlation or multi-mutual information. In comparison to mutual information, interaction information and total correlation are underutilized and poorly studied in applied neuroscience research. Quantifying information flow between brain regions is not explic…
Adaptive reference-free compression of sequence quality scores
2014
Motivation: Rapid technological progress in DNA sequencing has stimulated interest in compressing the vast datasets that are now routinely produced. Relatively little attention has been paid to compressing the quality scores that are assigned to each sequence, even though these scores may be harder to compress than the sequences themselves. By aggregating a set of reads into a compressed index, we find that the majority of bases can be predicted from the sequence of bases that are adjacent to them and hence are likely to be less informative for variant calling or other applications. The quality scores for such bases are aggressively compressed, leaving a relatively small number at full reso…
The serine/threonine kinase 33 is present and expressed in palaeognath birds but has become a unitary pseudogene in neognaths about 100 million years…
2015
Background Serine/threonine kinase 33 (STK33) has been shown to be conserved across all major vertebrate classes including reptiles, mammals, amphibians and fish, suggesting its importance within vertebrates. It has been shown to phosphorylate vimentin and might play a role in spermatogenesis and organ ontogenesis. In this study we analyzed the genomic locus and expression of stk33 in the class Aves, using a combination of large scale next generation sequencing data analysis and traditional PCR. Results Within the subclass Palaeognathae we analyzed the white-throated tinamou (Tinamus guttatus), the African ostrich (Struthio camelus) and the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). For the African os…
On the Non-uniform Redundancy of Representations for Grammatical Evolution: The Influence of Grammars
2018
The representation used in grammatical evolution (GE) is non-uniformly redundant as some phenotypes are represented by more genotypes than others. This article studies how the non-uniform redundancy of the GE representation depends on various types of grammars. When constructing the phenotype tree from a genotype, the used grammar determines Bavg, the average branching factor. Bavg measures the expected number of non-terminals chosen when mapping one genotype codon to a phenotype tree node. First, the paper illustrates that the GE representation induces a bias towards small trees. This bias gets stronger with lower Bavg. For example, when using a grammar with Bavg = 0.5, 75% of all genotype…
Linkages between the Elements of Management Control Systems in a Non-Profit Organization
2011
This qualitative case study examines the emergence of MCS package. We apply the MCS package framework of [Malmi, T. and Brown, D.A. (2008) Management control systems as a package-Opportunities, challenges and research directions, Management Accounting Research, Vol. 19, Iss. 4, pp. 287-300] and investigate the linkages between different control elements of MCS package. The control elements of MCS package, particularly governance structures and cybernetic systems became often overlapping and redundant. All the control elements remained in the MCS package when they were once constructed. Even tough a large number of cybernetic controls (i.e. balanced scorecard, budgets, quality management sys…
The Meaning of Redundancy for Opera Choristers - an investigation of musical identity in the context of job loss
2009
This study looks at the impact of job loss for seven professional opera choristers. The individual aspects of such change are not always addressed by traditional methodologies. Motivated by these concerns, this study takes an idiographic approach using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). IPA is concerned with the subjective meanings that people ascribe to experiences, but also recognises the active role of the researcher in gaining access to that window of experience. Three main themes emerged from the data analysis but, for the purpose of this presentation, only one theme will be discussed which is ‘Issues of Identity’. This theme looks at the differing levels of importance ass…