Search results for "reform"

The 21st Century Reforms (Re)Shaping the Education Policy of Inclusive and Special Education in Finland

2021

In recent decades, an essential global aim of the reforms of special education has been the promotion of inclusive education. This article discusses the implementation of reforms with a focus on tiered support systems in the context of Finnish comprehensive school education. Based on earlier literature, legislation, and administrative documents, we provide a background for Finnish education policy and special education reforms. The focus of this article is on the description of parallel reforms targeting the re-structuring of the systems around support for students and funding of education in the 2010s. We discuss the processes leading to these reforms and the reforms themselves. In additio…

Reforming policy, changing practices? : special education in Finland after educational reforms

2019

The aim of the research was to examine the changes in special education practices following the funding reform in 2010 and the reform of the Basic Education Act in 2011. The research focused on studying if the practices in municipalities and schools have changed according to the aims of the reforms. In addition, the research examined variations in the practices and changes among municipalities and schools as well as the factors that explained the variations. The research was based on three kinds of data: a survey of principals (N = 335), interviews with high-ranking officials in the municipal education administration (N = 7), and the official statistics for special education in municipalitie…

‘It's Not Like Everything Changes Just With a Click on New Year's Eve’ : Perceptions on Educational Issues of University Mergers in Finland

2021

The study explored educational perceptions concerning Finnish university mergers. The data were collected by interviewing academics and students (n = 30) in four merger projects. Qualitative content analysis was applied to the data. According to the findings, (i) the implications of the merger with regard to educational activities were primarily connected to the institutions’ own culture and history; (ii) new openings in education, teaching, and learning were only moderate in scope at the time of the interviews; (iii) there is strong potential for the enhancement of teachers’ pedagogical competence; (iv) creating a joint organisational and educational culture is a challenging and time-consu…

Popular Religion in the Periphery. Church Attendance in 17th Century Eastern Finland

2015

Abstract On the fringes of post-Reformation Europe, church and state authorities faced problems in enforcing church attendance. In the Swedish kingdom, religious uniformity was seen as vital for the success of the state after the Lutheran confession had been established, and absences from church were punishable by law. The seventeenth century saw significant tightening of legislation relating to church absences and other breaches of the Sabbath, and severe punishments were introduced. Despite considerable deterrents, it was sometimes difficult to control local inhabitants: absence cases were regularly brought before the local courts in Eastern Finland, where authorities were hampered by a c…

Los retos del sistema educativo en España

2011

International audience; A lo largo de las últimas décadas, el sistema educativo español ha cambiado profundamente. Sin embargo, a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados y de las múltiples reformas emprendidas, la eficacia interna y externa del sector sigue siendo pequeña en comparación con otros países de nuestro entorno. Gran parte de los problemas que padece el sector se debe a su escasa diversidad y a su ausencia de diferenciación. A nuestro juicio, organizar el sistema de enseñanza de manera que cada alumno encuentre un lugar en la esfera educativa que le permita adquirir unas cualificaciones a la medida de sus posibilidades y negociables en el mercado de trabajo es el mayor reto al que se e…

Jan Hus w perspektywie reformacji XVI wieku

2017

Artykuł prezentuje postać Jana Husa, czeskiego reformatora spalonego na Soborze w Konstancji w 1415 r., która ostatnio budzi zainteresowanie w związku z 600. rocznicą jego męczeńskiej śmierci, jak i w kontekście 500. rocznicy wybuchu reformacji. W poglądach i postulatach Jana Husa wielu historyków chrześcijaństwa i teologii dostrzega zapowiedź reformacji zainicjowanej przez Marcina Lutra w 1517 r. W trzech punktach najpierw ukazano kontekst, który Lutrowi pozwolił stwierdzić „my wszyscy jesteśmy husytami” (1), następnie pokazano obraz Jana Husa w wybranych pismach poreformacyjnych, których autorami byli Matthias Flacius Illyricus, Ludwig Rabus i John Fox (2). Artykuł kończy kilka końcowych …

Marcin Luter na nowo odczytywany. Dyskusja w kontekście obchodów 500 lat Reformacji

2019

Od satysfaktoryjnego do uświęcającego modelu czyśćca. Perspektywa ekumeniczna

2016

Christian eschatology is a relatively neglected area within the ecumenical debate. This may indicate that the issues in this area do not have such a destructive impact on the interconfessional relations as the questions of soteriology and ecclesiology. At the same time it is known that the issue of indulgences for the dead was the cause of the sixteenth-century dispute within the Church over the doctrine of justification. The consensus on the aforementioned doctrine, reached in 1999, put an end to this chapter. However, the declaration requires the reception of both confessions in the Church doctrine, which involves expressing the content of faith in a language understood in other theologic…

Reformismo e Ilustración [Pròleg]

2008

Características del periodo y exposición de motivos para hacer inteligible el curso que tomó en España el siglo de la Ilustración.

Comparative analysis of corporate tax burden in the euro area during 2000-2013

2016

Traditionally, some countries have been using the Corporate Income Tax as a way of, starting from relatively high nominal tax rates, encourage certain economic activities through incentives or bonuses that allow considerably reduce actual business taxation. In contrast, other member states have chosen to directly lower the tax rate, regardless of other incentives, thus bringing the nominal taxation to effective.This research aims to analyze the discrepancies in the taxation of corporate income tax between different Eurozone countries for the period 2000-2013, noting the differences between the statutory (STR) and effective tax rates (ETR) of listed companies. In this way, this work locates …