Search results for "refuse"
showing 9 items of 79 documents
Quantities, environmental footprints and beliefs associated with household food waste in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
2019
The objectives of this research were to identify the quantities and global warming, acidification and eutrophication potentials associated with household food waste in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In parallel, this study investigated perceptions related to food waste and using the quality function deployment for environment model, correlated reasons for discarding food waste and beliefs associated with food waste. Based on this study, it is estimated that around 2.8 kg of food waste is disposed of by the average household every week. Global warming, acidification and eutrophication potentials associated with household food waste are, on average, 3.49 kg CO2e/week, 2.42 g SO2e/week and 8.70 g PO…
Occupational hygiene in a Finnish drum composting plant
2005
Bioaerosols (microbes, dust and endotoxins) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were determined in the working air of a drum composting plant treating source-separated catering waste. Different composting activities at the Oulu drum composting plant take place in their own units separated by modular design and constructions. Important implication of this is that the control room is a relatively clean working environment and the risk of exposure to harmful factors is low. However, the number of viable airborne microbes was high both in the biowaste receiving hall and in the drum composting hall. The concentration (geometric average) of total microbes was 21.8 million pcs/m3 in the biowaste…
Thermal decomposition study of major refuse derived fuel components
2018
Abstract Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) composed on biomass, paper, textiles, wood, synthetic polymers and other combustible materials is an alternative energy resource to implement Waste-to-Energy strategy. The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal decomposition characteristics of materials forming RDF by thermogravimetric analysis. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of RDF components demonstrates major differences in processes behind the thermal decomposition processes of waste components. Biomass decomposition can be divided into two distinct stages for wood, cotton, cotton wool and other biomass samples whereas three distinct stages can be distinguished for cardboard and paper samples…
Managing Municipal Solid Waste: Energetic and Environmetal Comparison among different options
2001
Goal. This research aims to assess the environmental effects of integrated strategies in a municipal waste management system. In particular, analysis is focused on a waste stream in Palermo, where landfill involves the prompt disposal of the most waste after collection. The current local management system is compared with two integrated waste management alternatives. Both the options comply with Italian regulations, but each one predicts adopting the available technologies in different ways. Methods and objectives. Energetic and environmental balances are carried out in each management system referring to local waste composition in order to quantify energy consumption, the recovery of mater…
Eco-efficiency assessment of municipal solid waste services: Influence of exogenous variables.
2020
Abstract Improving the eco-efficiency of municipalities in the provision of municipal solid waste (MSW) services is fundamental in the context of a circular economy. This study evaluates the eco-efficiency of a sample of Spanish municipalities, integrating the total cost as input, recyclable waste as desirable output, and unsorted waste as undesirable output. Following a pioneering approach, the weighted Russell directional distance model (a non-radial data envelopment analysis model) was employed, which allowed us to obtain a global inefficiency score and individual inefficiency scores for each variable integrated in the model. In the second stage of analysis, the potential factors affecti…
Biochar from Waste Derived Fuels as Low-Cost Adsorbent for Waste Hydrocarbons
2020
Abstract The aim of this study is to prove technical feasibility of combined refuse derived fuel (RDF) torrefaction and oily wastewater treatment approach by using RDF derived biochar as a sorption media. Biochars prepared from refuse derived fuels in torrefaction, carbonization and pyrolysis modes were analysed as fuels and as hydrocarbon sorbents. Changes of elemental composition and properties of material during thermal treatment and subsequent washing process have been analysed. Experimental evaluation of sorption behaviour of toluene and diesel fuel on obtained biochar performed. Our results show that torrefaction/carbonization of RDF coupled with the subsequent washing of biochar is a…
Occurrence and removal of organic pollutants in sewages and landfill leachates
2002
Sewages of different composition and the effluents of four sewage treatment plants (STPs), plus sewage sludges were analysed for semivolatile organic priority pollutants. Furthermore, 11 landfill leachates were analysed to evaluate their contribution to sewage pollutants when co-treated. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the pollutant occurring at highest concentrations (up to 122 microg/l) and it was present in all sewages and leachates; concentrations of other phthalates were usually below 17 microg/l. Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (<1 microg/l) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (< or =5.9 microg/l) were also present in many of the sewages and leachates. Phthalates were present in…
Reuse of Food Waste and Wastewater as a Source of Polyphenolic Compounds to Use as Food Additives
2020
Abstract The problem of waste and byproducts generated from agro-industrial activities worldwide is an increasing concern in terms of environmental sustainability. In this ambit, the quantity of food wastes—produced in all steps of the whole food chain—is enormous, and it may be forecasted that food waste could amount to more than 120 billion tonnes by 2020. The reuse of food waste and wastewater as source of polyphenolic compounds could be an interesting discussion in this ambit. In fact, polyphenols obtained in this way might be used for food and non-food purposes by means of new, improved, and safe extraction methods. In light of the opportunity represented by the treatment of agro-indus…
RECOVERY AND RE-USE OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS IN ARCHITECTURE
2018
Gli studi sul riuso degli scarti per l’architettura hanno prodotto negli ultimi anni risultati inediti e molto originali. Questo, tuttavia, resta ancora un ambito poco esplorato, più florido in determinati contesti geografici e particolari condizioni economiche; limitato a poche esperienze di sperimentazione in altri. In questi contesti, i limiti per la diffusione di sistemi costruttivi che riusano prodotti di scarto sono essenzialmente due: innanzitutto il fattore culturale, la tradizione consolidata e la difficoltà di accettare modi di costruire e vivere radicalmente alternativi a quelli conosciuti (se non limitati ad esperienze di studio, o temporanee, o comunque che non interferiscano c…