Search results for "regression"
showing 10 items of 2619 documents
3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-…
2017
Background: \ud Liraglutide 3·0 mg was shown to reduce bodyweight and improve glucose metabolism after the 56-week period of this trial, one of four trials in the SCALE programme. In the 3-year assessment of the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes trial we aimed to evaluate the proportion of individuals with prediabetes who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.\ud \ud Methods: \ud In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adults with prediabetes and a body-mass index of at least 30 kg/m2, or at least 27 kg/m2 with comorbidities, were randomised 2:1, using a telephone or web-based system, to once-daily subcutaneous liraglutide 3·0 mg or matched placebo, as an adjunct to a reduced-…
Losartan reduces microalbuminuria in hypertensive microalbuminuric type 2 diabetics.
2001
Background. The aim of the present study was to assess the antialbuminuric effect of losartan in a large number of hypertensive type 2 diabetics. Methods. This was a 6-month, open-label, prospective and multicentre study. A total of 422 patients with type 2 diabetes who were hypertensive [sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg] and microalbuminuric [urinary albumin excretion (UAE) 30-300 mg/day] were eligible for the study. After a 2-week run-in period, patients were placed on losartan 50 mg once a day. If the BP did not reach the desired goal (<140/90 mmHg) after a 4-week period, the losartan dose was doubled. In the absence of contr…
Ultrasound velocity and cortical bone characteristics in vivo.
2001
Axial transmission of ultrasound along cortical bone may reflect a combination of material and structural properties of long bone cortices. The goal of this study was to determine the association of speed of sound (SOS) with cortical density (CoD), cortical wall thickness (CWT), and total cortical area (CoA). Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) were used to measure the above variables in the distal third of radius and the midshaft of tibia in 51 postmenopausal women aged 62 to 71 years. Univariate regression analysis showed that the site-specific CoD accounted for 34% of the variability in the radial SOS and 29% of that in the tibial SOS (p0.…
Alternating model trees
2015
Model tree induction is a popular method for tackling regression problems requiring interpretable models. Model trees are decision trees with multiple linear regression models at the leaf nodes. In this paper, we propose a method for growing alternating model trees, a form of option tree for regression problems. The motivation is that alternating decision trees achieve high accuracy in classification problems because they represent an ensemble classifier as a single tree structure. As in alternating decision trees for classification, our alternating model trees for regression contain splitter and prediction nodes, but we use simple linear regression functions as opposed to constant predicto…
Statistical Learning Algorithms to Forecast the Equity Risk Premium in the European Union
2018
With the explosion of “Big Data”, the application of statistical learning models has become popular in multiple scientific areas as well as in marketing, finance or other business disciplines. Nonetheless, there is not yet an abundant literature that covers the application of these learning algorithms to forecast the equity risk premium. In this paper we investigate whether Classification and Regression Trees (CART) algorithms and several ensemble methods, such as bagging, random forests and boosting, improve traditional parametric models to forecast the equity risk premium. In particular, we work with European Monetary Union data for a period that spans from the EMU foundation at the begin…
Helicobacter pyloriinfection among children with gastrointestinal symptoms: a high prevalence of infection among patients with reflux oesophagitis
2007
Aim: To investigate the link between H.pylori infection and dyspepsia in children, and association with reflux oesophagitis. Patients and Methods: H.pylori status was detected by rapid urease test and/or culture in 130 consecutive symptomatic children coming for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: 40 – aged 8–12 years (55% boys); 90 – aged 13–18 years (21% boys). Endoscopic findings were analyzed. H.pylori prevalence in the age group 8–12 years was compared to the prevalence among 55 asymptomatic children, aged 7–12 years (13C–urea breath test). Statistical analysis: χ2 test, Fisher's test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of H.pylori infection among patients with gas…
Predictors for early readmission after COPD exacerbation
2019
Aim: Identify predictors for early readmission in patients with COPD and severe exacerbation. Material and methods: Prospective study (July 2017-June 2018) that included all patients hospitalized for an acute exacerbations of COPD. Demographic date, clinical and spirometric parameters, arterial blood gases, length of stay, and evolutive parameters were collected. We used univariate and multivariate statistical techniques to identify risks for readmission. Results: 278 consecutive patients were enrolled. During the follow-up 31 (11%) patients were admitted within 30 days of discharge (early readmission). Univariate analysis showed that FEV1 (p=0.02), FEV1 (%) (p=0.01), total dose of steroids…
A Statistical Study to Analyze the Impact of External Weather Change on Chronic Pulmonary Infection in South Norway with Machine Learning Algorithms
2021
In this paper, we analyzed the holistic impact of external weather on chronic pulmonary infection in the Agder region with traditional machine learning algorithms. Millions of people are diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Our study is dedicated in the Agder region, the Southern part of Norway. Norway has four seasons – winter (December-February), late winter/spring (March-May), Summer (June-August), and Autumn (September-November) in a year with average annual temperature approx. 7.5 °C | 45.5 °F and an annual rainfall of 1260 mm or 49.6 in. in Kristiansand. As predicted by the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2016, Norway suffered from 8% mortality due to c(1)h…
Inhaled steroids and prevalence of osteoporosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Data from the DACCORD cohort
2020
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a frequent COPD comorbidity with age, female gender, smoking, immobility and the use of oral steroids (OCS) as common risk factors. The role of inhaled steroids (ICS) is still under debate. Methods: Baseline data from the real life cohort DACCORD were analyzed. The diagnosis of osteoporosis was based on patients’ reports of physician-based diagnoses. Associations of ICS exposure at time of inclusion and osteoporosis were examined by group comparisons and multivariable logistic regression analyses with age, gender, smoking, exacerbation history (EH) and FEV1% as covariates. To avoid interactions with other steroid containing medications, exposure to any corticos…
Respiratory disease phenotypes in a general population sample: latent transition analysis
2018
Background: Few data are available on the temporal pattern of respiratory disease phenotypes in general population. Aim: To detect longitudinal patterns of disease phenotypes related to risk factors and physician visits. Methods: Pisan general population sample from 2 cross-sectional studies (PI1: 1991-93; PI2: 2009-11; n=1107), questionnaire-based data. Latent transition analysis (LTA) was performed to assess respiratory disease phenotypes at PI1 and PI2, labelled according to disease/symptom occurrence. Possible patterns were persistence, worsening and improvement of the phenotype. Multiple logistic regression models were estimated to assess the association among phenotype patterns, risk …