Search results for "relation"
showing 10 items of 10542 documents
Different sensitivity of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to the immunomodulatory effects of UVB irradiation.
2006
Abstract In order to study the sensitivity of two fish species, carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), to the immunomodulatory effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, the fish were exposed to a single UVB dose of 50, 250, 500 or 1000 mJ cm−2. These species represent different phylogenetic groups of fish, and they differ also in their behaviour inhabitating often dark and turbid (carp) or clear and transparent waters (salmonids). Immune responses were studied on day 1 post-irradiation. Unexposed fish, and fish exposed to radiation depleted of UV wavelengths served as controls. UVB irradiation markedly enhanced the blood respiratory burst and cytotoxic activity in c…
Nanoparticle Assembly of Surface-Modified Proteins
2016
Nature's biomaterials such as peptides and proteins represent a valuable source of highly defined macromolecules. Herein we developed a nanoparticle drug delivery system based on the assembly of surface-modified proteins that can be transferred into organic solvents and represent the structural material of the carrier system. The particles are prepared by an oil-in-water nanoemulsion technique without the need of additional denaturation or cross-linking steps for stabilization. We achieve the necessary lipophilic solubility switch of the protein material by high surface PEGylation under conservation of the native three-dimensional protein structure. This study focuses on lysozyme as model e…
Dose Responsive Effects of Subcutaneous Pentosan Polysulfate Injection in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VI Rats and Comparison to Oral Treatment
2014
Background We previously demonstrated the benefits of daily, oral pentosan polysulfate (PPS) treatment in a rat model of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type VI. Herein we compare these effects to once weekly, subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. The bioavailability of injected PPS is greater than oral, suggesting better delivery to difficult tissues such as bone and cartilage. Injected PPS also effectively treats osteoarthritis in animals, and has shown success in osteoarthritis patients. Methodology/principal findings One-month-old MPS VI rats were given once weekly s.c. injections of PPS (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg, human equivalent dose (HED)), or daily oral PPS (4 mg/kg HED) for 6 months. Serum inflammato…
Fuzzy gender categories: How emotional expression influences typicality *The authors would like to thank Fieke Harinck for her help in conducting Stu…
2001
Social categories are conceived of as broad classes in which some instances are better exemplars than others, and non-necessary features are assumed to modulate typicality. This research investigated how various emotional expressions impact on gender categorization. Two concurrent measures - response latencies and prototypicality judgments - were collected and compared in three experiments. The results showed that emotional expressions of any kind are highly relevant in modulating females' category membership, while they are of less relevance in making a male more or less prototypical. These findings provide new insights into the relation between gender and emotional expressions.
Exact treatment of linear difference equations with noncommutative coefficients
2007
The exact solution of a Cauchy problem related to a linear second-order difference equation with constant noncommutative coefficients is reported.
Kinetic and thermodynamic insights into interaction of erlotinib with epidermal growth factor receptor: Surface plasmon resonance and molecular docki…
2020
Abstract Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in cell proliferation at non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, targeted therapy of cancer via this kind of receptor is highly interested. Small molecule drugs such as erlotinib and gefitinib inhibit EGFR tyrosine kinase and thus suppress cell proliferation. At this paper, erlotinib interaction with EGFR on the cell surface was studied via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular docking methods. Kinetic parameters indicated that erlotinib affinity toward EGFR was increased through increment of temperature. The thermodynamic analysis showed that van der Waals and hydrogen binding forces play a major role i…
Solid-State Electrochemical Assay of Heme-Binding Molecules for Screening of Drugs with Antimalarial Potential
2013
The interaction between heme and ligands is the basis for a variety of tests aimed at the discovery of antiplasmodial molecules. Two electrochemical methods for the screening of molecules with potential antimalarial activity through heme-binding mechanism are described. The first method is applicable to lipophilic environment, by using solution phase electrochemistry in DMSO solutions of Fe(III)-heme plus the tested compounds at carbon electrodes. This method provides well-defined voltammetric signals, characteristic of the heme-ligand (L) interaction. The second method involves aqueous media at biological pH and the use of voltammetry of immobilized particles, by means of microparticulate …
Mitogenic effects of phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid in transiently permeabilized astrocytes: effects of ethanol.
2003
Investigations of lipid-mediated signalling pathways are often limited by a lack of methods for the intracellular delivery of lipid messengers. We established a procedure for the transient permeabilization of astrocytes by an oxygen-insensitive mutant of streptolysin-O (SLO) to investigate the participation of the phospholipase D (PLD) signalling pathway in astroglial cell proliferation. Exogenous PLD, when incubated in the presence of SLO, caused an increase in DNA synthesis (measured by thymidine incorporation) which was completely suppressed by ethanol (0.3%, v/v). In parallel experiments, phosphatidic acid also induced a dose-dependent mitogenic response which, however, was not affected…
Streptolysin O: the C-terminal, tryptophan-rich domain carries functional sites for both membrane binding and self-interaction but not for stable oli…
2001
AbstractStreptolysin O belongs to the class of thiol-activated toxins, which are single chain, four-domain proteins that bind to membranes containing cholesterol and then assemble to form large oligomeric pores. Membrane binding involves a conserved tryptophan-rich sequence motif located within the C-terminally located domain 4. In contrast, sites involved in oligomerization and pore formation have been assigned to domains 1 and 3, respectively. We here examined the functional properties of domain 4, which was recombinantly expressed with an N-terminal histidine tag for purification and an additional cysteine residue for covalent labeling. The fluorescently labeled fragment readily bound to…
Characterization of the Epithelial Permeation Enhancing Effect of Basic Butylated Methacrylate Copolymer—In Vitro Studies
2008
Membrane destabilizing properties and increased efflux of doxorubicin from liposomes caused by basic butylated methacrylate copolymer (BBMC), better known under its commercial trade name EUDRAGIT E, have been described in the scientific literature. Here, we investigated the effect of BBMC on suspended and filter-grown Caco2 cells with respect to apical-to-basal transport and membrane permeabilization using transport assays, trypan blue exclusion assay, measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), confocal laser scanning microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) by okadaic acid was investigated by measuring TEER,…