Search results for "relative"

A simple model to estimate the daily value of the regional maximum evapotranspiration from satellite temperature and albedo images

1987

Abstract We have tried an adaptation of the radiation model proposed by FAO, applicable in any area, for the estimation of the regional maximum evapotranspiration, ET, from temperature and albedo images obtained from a satellite. This model is based on the relationships ETm = k cETo ETo = A + BR g + CR g Ta max where k c is the crop coefficient, ETo is the maximum evapotranspiration of the reference crop (green grass), Rg is the global radiation obtained from satellite albedo images, T a max is the maximum temperature of the air obtained from the near-midday satellite temperature and A, B and C are the empirical coefficients characteristic of each zone calculated for different intervals of …

¿Cómo se define el liderazgo en la defensa europea? Un análisis fsQCA

2017

The paper addresses the issue of national leadership in the politics of European defence, in order to determine the relative value of different factors in the exercise of leadership, and the reasons why some countries are more willing than others to contribute to the development of the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy. The article starts by discussing the main contributions of the (neo)realist and constructivist approaches to European leadership on defence. It then highlights the process of development of EU defence policy and its setbacks. Leadership factors that characterize this development process are identified and employed to construct a fsQCA analysis, which assesses the leade…

2016

Abstract. Gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO) is an important precursor of OH radicals and a key intermediate molecule in the oxidation of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Budget analyses reveal large discrepancies between modeled and observed HCHO concentrations in the atmosphere. Here, we investigate the interactions of gaseous HCHO with soil surfaces through coated-wall flow tube experiments applying atmospherically relevant HCHO concentrations of  ∼  10 to 40 ppbv. For the determination of uptake coefficients (γ), we provide a Matlab code to account for the diffusion correction under laminar flow conditions. Under dry conditions (relative humidity  =  0 %), an initial γ of (1.1 ± …

Influence d'humidité de l'air sur le séchage d'une goutte déposée sur une surface solide et sur la destruction microbienne.

2017

International audience; This study was carried out in order to develop experimental methodology using a camera to monitor the evolution of the surface of a liquid droplet deposited on a solid surface composed of polypropylene. The droplet was exposed to various ambient relative humidity conditions (11.3%, 43.2%, 68.9% and 75.5%). Two types of liquid were investigated: distilled water and water containing nutritive substances (salmon “juice”). At 11.3% relative humidity, it takes 40% longer to evaporate a water droplet (initial weight 0.36 g, volume 360 μL, radius 6.5 × 10−3 m) than a salmon “juice” droplet (3.66 h for distilled water, 2.83 h for salmon “juice”). In the case of the distilled…

Physical modeling of heat and moisture transfer in wet bio-sourced insulating materials.

2018

Simultaneous heat and moisture transfers in bio-sourced insulating materials are significant phenomena in thermal metrology. The present study focuses on these phenomena by experimental and numerical approaches based on the asymmetric hot-plate method. In this paper, a bio-sourced insulating material based on flax fibers is developed. The thermal and hygric properties of the sample are then investigated in the humid atmosphere. The temperature is maintained at 30 °C, and the relative humidity varies between 30% and 90% RH. A physics-based model of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer is developed for thermal conductivity estimation. This model is discretized with finite difference method…

Telomere Length and Frailty: The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

2018

Objectives: Telomere length is associated with aging-related pathologies. Although the association between telomere length and frailty has been studied previously, only a few studies assessing longitudinal changes in telomere length and frailty exist. Design: Longitudinal cohort study. Setting and participants: A subpopulation of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study consisting of 1078 older adults aged 67 to 79 years born in Helsinki, Finland, between 1934 and 1944. Measures: Relative leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction at the average ages of 61 and 71 years, and at the latter the participants were assessed for frailty according to …

Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study…

2014

BACKGROUND: The fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) established the goal of a 75% reduction in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR; number of maternal deaths per 100,000 livebirths) between 1990 and 2015. We aimed to measure levels and track trends in maternal mortality, the key causes contributing to maternal death, and timing of maternal death with respect to delivery.METHODS: We used robust statistical methods including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) to analyse a database of data for 7065 site-years and estimate the number of maternal deaths from all causes in 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. We estimated the number of pregnancy-related deaths caused by HIV on the basi…

Fluorescent biological aerosol particle measurements at a tropical high-altitude site in southern India during the southwest monsoon season

2016

An ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer (UV-APS) was continuously operated for the first time during two seasons to sample the contrasting winds during monsoon and winter to characterize the properties of fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAPs), at a high-altitude site in India. Averaged over the entire monsoon campaign (1 June–21 August 2014), the arithmetic mean number and mass concentrations of coarse-mode (> 1 µm) FBAPs were 0.02 cm−3 and 0.24 µg m−3, respectively, which corresponded to  ∼  2 and 6 % of total aerosol loading, respectively. Average FBAP number size distribution exhibited a peak at  ∼  3 µm, which is attributed to the fungal spores, as supported by scanning …

Variety and volatility in financial markets

2000

We study the price dynamics of stocks traded in a financial market by considering the statistical properties both of a single time series and of an ensemble of stocks traded simultaneously. We use the $n$ stocks traded in the New York Stock Exchange to form a statistical ensemble of daily stock returns. For each trading day of our database, we study the ensemble return distribution. We find that a typical ensemble return distribution exists in most of the trading days with the exception of crash and rally days and of the days subsequent to these extreme events. We analyze each ensemble return distribution by extracting its first two central moments. We observe that these moments are fluctua…

Coexistence and resource competition.

2000

How large numbers of species coexist on a seemingly limited number of different resources is a classic problem in ecology1, and attempts have been made to solve it experimentally. But we are not convinced that Huisman and Weissing's2 proposal to add non-stationary dynamics in species abundance to the list of possible explanations offers any new insight into this biodiversity enigma.