Search results for "reprogramming"

Novel Insight Into the Molecular and Metabolic Mechanisms Orchestrating IL-17 Production in γδ T Cells

2019

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that IL-17-producing γδ T cells (γδ T17) play a tumor-promoting role in a series of cancers via various mechanisms in mice and human cancers, though the relationship between γδ T17 and human tumors has yet to be extensively characterized and established. Molecular signals such as intrinsic cascade, environmental cues and cellular metabolic pathways including nutrient uptake and utilization in γδ T17 cells are significantly important for their activation, differentiation, and function. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways of γδ T17 cells in both the physiological setting and tumor environment would contribute to the development of…

Mitochondrial Dynamics: In Cell Reprogramming as It Is in Cancer

2017

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent cellular state similar to that of embryonic stem cells. Given the significant physiological differences between the somatic and pluripotent cells, cell reprogramming is associated with a profound reorganization of the somatic phenotype at all levels. The remodeling of mitochondrial morphology is one of these dramatic changes that somatic cells have to undertake during cell reprogramming. Somatic cells transform their tubular and interconnected mitochondrial network to the fragmented and isolated organelles found in pluripotent stem cells early during cell reprogramming. Accordingly, mitochondrial fission, the process whereby the mitochond…

2017

AbstractThe development of a successful lineage reprogramming strategy of liver to pancreas holds promises for the treatment and potential cure of diabetes. The liver is an ideal tissue source for generating pancreatic cells, because of its close developmental origin with the pancreas and its regenerative ability. Yet, the molecular bases of hepatic and pancreatic cellular plasticity are still poorly understood. Here, we report that the TALE homeoprotein TGIF2 acts as a developmental regulator of the pancreas versus liver fate decision and is sufficient to elicit liver-to-pancreas fate conversion both ex vivo and in vivo. Hepatocytes expressing Tgif2 undergo extensive transcriptional remode…

Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling of Cells Derived From Regenerating Alveolar Ducts

2020

Lung regeneration occurs in a variety of adult mammals after surgical removal of one lung (pneumonectomy). Previous studies of murine post-pneumonectomy lung growth have identified regenerative “hotspots” in subpleural alveolar ducts; however, the cell-types participating in this process remain unclear. To identify the single cells participating in post-pneumonectomy lung growth, we used laser microdissection, enzymatic digestion and microfluidic isolation. Single-cell transcriptional analysis of the murine alveolar duct cells was performed using the C1 integrated fluidic circuit (Fluidigm) and a custom PCR panel designed for lung growth and repair genes. The multi-dimensional data set was …

Editorial overview: Fluidity of cell fates – from reprogramming to repair

2021

In Vivo Reprogramming for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair.

2015

AbstractCell reprogramming technologies have enabled the generation of various specific cell types including neurons from readily accessible patient cells, such as skin fibroblasts, providing an intriguing novel cell source for autologous cell transplantation. However, cell transplantation faces several difficult hurdles such as cell production and purification, long-term survival, and functional integration after transplantation. Recently,in vivoreprogramming, which makes use of endogenous cells for regeneration purpose, emerged as a new approach to circumvent cell transplantation. There has been evidence forin vivoreprogramming in the mouse pancreas, heart, and brain and spinal cord with …

Caracterización y mantenimiento in vitro de células germinales inducidas para la preservación de la fertilidad

2017

INTRODUCCIÓN La infertilidad es una condición clínica que afecta al 15% de las parejas en edad reproductiva; de las cuales un 28% se ven afectadas por diferentes patologías que resultan en la ausencia de gametos, dentro de este porcentaje se incluyen pacientes con fallo ovárico precoz, mujeres postmenopáusicas y pacientes masculinos diagnosticados de azoospermia no-obstructiva o cualquier otra patología que conlleve la ausencia de espermatozoides funcionales o, al menos, espermátidas elongadas que permitan su uso en tratamientos de reproducción asistida. Estas patologías producen infertilidad en el 1% de las mujeres y el 0.63% de los hombres, en la población general; como consecuencia el us…

Direct Reprogramming of Somatic Cells into Induced Neuronal Cells: Where We Are and Where We Want to Go

2014

Direct reprogramming of somatic cells has emerged as a novel strategy to generate neurons, including those of human origin. The method provides enormous potential for studying the mechanisms directing neuronal differentiation, the modeling of neurodegenerative diseases, and the development of potential novel approaches for brain repair. In this chapter, we briefly trace the history of reprogramming, as well as the strategies employed to date for converting different types of somatic cells, including fibroblasts, hepatocytes, astrocytes, and pericytes into induced neuronal cells of different subtype identity. Reprogramming involves particular emphasis on transcriptional and posttranscription…

Quantitative methylation analysis of developmentally important genes in human pregnancy losses after ART and spontaneous conception.

2009

To study possible effects of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) on epigenetic reprogramming, we have analyzed the DNA methylation levels of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of seven imprinted genes (H19, MEG3, LIT1, MEST, NESP55, PEG3 and SNRPN) as well as the promoter regions of the pluripotency gene NANOG and the tumor suppressor gene APC in chorionic villus samples (CVS) of 42 spontaneous miscarriages and stillbirths after ART and 29 abortions/stillbirths after spontaneous conception. We did not find an increased rate of faulty methylation patterns after ART, but significant and trend differences (ROC curve analysis, Wilcoxon test) in the methylation levels of LIT1 (P = 0.0…

Direct pericyte-to-neuron reprogramming via unfolding of a neural stem cell-like program

2018

Ectopic expression of defined transcription factors can force direct cell-fate conversion from one lineage to another in the absence of cell division. Several transcription factor cocktails have enabled successful reprogramming of various somatic cell types into induced neurons (iNs) of distinct neurotransmitter phenotype. However, the nature of the intermediate states that drive the reprogramming trajectory toward distinct iN types is largely unknown. Here we show that successful direct reprogramming of adult human brain pericytes into functional iNs by Ascl1 and Sox2 encompasses transient activation of a neural stem cell-like gene expression program that precedes bifurcation into distinct…