Search results for "respiratory tract diseases"
showing 10 items of 1015 documents
Bronchial to subclavian shunt in a CF patient. A potential pitfall for embolization
2003
Bronchial artery embolization is a well accepted and widely used technique in the management of massive haemoptysis in cystic fibrosis (CF). It can be a complex procedure requiring a deep knowledge of the bronchial artery anatomy including the possible bronchial anastomoses. We report a case of complex vascular anatomy of the left bronchial artery with multiple anastomoses with the ipsilateral subclavian artery as cause of non-attempted embolization. © 2003 European Cystic Fibrosis Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Comment to the Editorial by KS Park and EW Kang “Is only fixed positive airway pressure a robust tool for kidney protection in patients with obstruct…
2019
We thank doctors Park and Kang for their editorial that well summarized our article. Our common belief is that one of the possible consequences of untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an accelerated deterioration of kidney function, and that more knowledge would be necessary on the possible protective effects of OSA treatments. To our knowledge, so far the only OSA therapy whose effects on renal function have been tested is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and most , although not all studies, have demonstrated its benefits. Our own study, while confirming benefits of fixed CPAP, has demonstrated little effect of auto-adjusting CPAP (APAP). This finding may be of relevance a…
Pulmonale Struktur und Funktion - Hochauflösende und dynamische Computertomographie bei Lungenemphysem und Erkrankungen der Atemwege -
2002
Computed tomography (CT) is the method of choice for the morphological assessment of pulmonary structure. Airways. pulmonary parenchyma and their pathologies are shown with high spatial resolution. Airway diseases exhibit bronchial dilatation, wall thickening and an increased visibility in the lung periphery. CT is also the imaging gold standard for the detection and the characterisation of emphysema because a high degree of concordance with histopathological studies. Centrilobular, panlobular and paraseptal emphysema can be differentiated. CT can also provide functional information. Paired inspiratory and expiratory scans with or without spirometric triggering allow to evaluate obstruction…
Functional Analysis in Single-Lung Transplant Recipients
2004
Objective To develop and evaluate a postprocessing tool to quantify ventilated split-lung volumes on the basis of 3 He-MRI and to apply it in patients after single-lung transplantation (SLTX). High-resolution CT (HRCT) was employed as a reference modality providing split air-filled lung volumes. Lung volumes derived from pulmonary function test results served as clinical parameters and were used as the “gold standard.” Material and methods Eight patients (mean age, 54 years) with emphysema and six patients (mean age, 58 years) with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. All patients were evaluated following SLTX. HRCT was performed during inspiration (slice thickness, 1 mm; increment, 10 mm). For c…
Challenges and perspectives in obstructive sleep apnoea: Report by an ad hoc working group of the Sleep Disordered Breathing Group of the European Re…
2018
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a major challenge for physicians and healthcare systems throughout the world. The high prevalence and the impact on daily life of OSA oblige clinicians to offer effective and acceptable treatment options. However, recent evidence has raised questions about the benefits of positive airway pressure therapy in ameliorating comorbidities.An international expert group considered the current state of knowledge based on the most relevant publications in the previous 5 years, discussed the current challenges in the field, and proposed topics for future research on epidemiology, phenotyping, underlying mechanisms, prognostic implications and optimal treatment of pat…
Arterial stiffness in symptomatic smokers with normal lung function
2017
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction index are validated surrogate cardiovascular markers and are increased in subjects with COPD. We tested whether increased arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction occur in symptomatic smokers with no evidence of bronchial obstruction. Clinical and lung functional assessments were conducted in smoker subjects with chronic respiratory symptoms and in COPD patients. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), aortic augmentation index (AIx) and reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) were measured to estimate the cardiovascular risk. 48 smokers (male n=37, female …
The value of FeNO measurement in childhood asthma: uncertainties and perspectives
2013
Asthma is considered an heterogeneous disease, requiring multiple biomarkers for diagnosis and management. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide in exhaled breath (FeNO) was the first useful non-invasive marker of airway inflammation in asthma and still is the most widely used. The non-invasive nature and the relatively easy use of FeNO technique make it an interesting tool to monitor airway inflammation and rationalize corticosteroid therapy in asthmatic patients, together with the traditional clinical tools (history, physical examination and lung function tests), even if some controversies have been published regarding the use of FeNO to support the management of asthma in children. The problem…
Tabaquismo en sanitarios. Identificación de factores asociados
1998
The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiology of smoking among health care givers in our setting and to describe their characteristics. We gave an anonymous questionnaire to 566 health care workers in the Valencian Community (248 physicians, 212 nurses and 106 aides). The results were as follows. Physicians: 46.4% were smokers, 25.4% were non smokers and 28.2% were ex-smokers. Most (69.3%) smoked 11 to 20 cigarettes/day. Low scores on Fagerstrom's test were recorded for 93%, and 57.3% have tried to quit smoking more than 5 times. The likelihood of being and ex-smoker increased with age (r = 0.158; p = 0.012) and with the number of attempts to quit (r = 0.170; p = 0.021). Nur…
Zytopathologische Ergussdiagnostik in der berufsgenossenschaftlichen Begutachtung von Asbest-assoziierten malignen Mesotheliomen und Lungenkarzinomen
2014
Pleural effusion often represents the first clinical symptom of lung carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma. As pleural punctation is performed quite early in the diagnostic procedure, effusion cytology frequently gives the first evidence about the presence of tumour cells and tumor histogenesis. In this study, we report on seven cases which were evaluated in our institution for the Employers' Liability Insurance Association, based solely on cytology findings.The mean age of the seven patients with a given long-term asbestos exposure during their working life was 81.7 years. On average eight smears per patient were investigated. In addition to routine cytology, immunocytochemistry, DNA image …
Reliability of automatic detection of AHI during positive airway pressure treatment in obstructive sleep apnea patients: A “real-life study”
2021
Introduction: Automatic event detection (AED) of residual apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) by ventilators is a current practice in sleep and mechanical ventilation Units but this methodology has not been validated in an unselected population of OSA patients. Aim of the present study was to assess in a “real-life” condition the reliability of AED during PAP therapy by the in-built software compared to full polysomnography during follow-up. Methods: We enrolled 300 OSA patients (105 F; AHI 45.3 ± 27.8) already on Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy: 53% of the patients were on CPAP while other modalities were used in the rest of the sample. Results: Overall, the built-in software identified resi…