Search results for "respiratory tract"

showing 10 items of 1170 documents

Drug resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from patients with nosocomial pneumonia at Tehran hospitals during 2009-2011

2013

Introduction: Nosocomial pneumonia remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Surveillance programs play an important role in the identification of common etiologic agents and local patterns of antimicrobial resistance. Methodology: In this study we determined the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens isolated from patients with nosocomial pneumonia during 2009 to 2011. Results: A total of 642 bacteria were isolated from 516 suspected samples. Acinetobacter baumannii (21.1%, n = 136), was the commonest isolated pathogen followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.4%, n = 112) , Staphylococcus aureus (15.8%, n = 102) and enterococci (8.4% n = 54). The most …

Acinetobacter baumanniiSettore MED/07 - Microbiologia E Microbiologia ClinicaPenicillanic AcidDrug resistanceIranmedicine.disease_causechemistry.chemical_compoundLevofloxacinDrug Resistance Multiple BacterialPrevalenceRespiratory Tract InfectionsPolymyxin BCross InfectionbiologyCeftriaxoneGeneral MedicineHospitalsAcinetobacter baumanniiAnti-Bacterial AgentsInfectious DiseasesPiperacillin Tazobactam Drug CombinationPseudomonas aeruginosaCeftriaxonemedicine.drugMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureusMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMicrobiologyTazobactamMicrobiologyAntibiotic resistanceAcinetobacter baumanniiiVirologymedicinePneumonia BacterialHumansTehran hospitalsGram-Positive Bacterial InfectionsPiperacillindrug resistancebusiness.industryPseudomonas aeruginosanosocomial pneumoniaSputumbiochemical phenomena metabolism and nutritionbacterial infections and mycosesbiology.organism_classificationchemistrynosocomial pneumonia; drug resistance; Acinetobacter baumanniii; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Tehran hospitalsLinezolidParasitologybusinessGram-Negative Bacterial Infections
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Symptom variability and control in COPD: Advantages of dual bronchodilation therapy

2017

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by usually progressive development of airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible. While most patients will experience symptoms throughout the day or in the morning upon awakening, many patients do not experience their symptoms as constant but report variability in symptoms during the course of the day or over time. Symptom variability adversely affects patients' health status and increases the risk of COPD exacerbations. Methods We examined data from the literature on symptom variability and control in patients with COPD, with focus on the use of inhaled bronchodilator therapy wi…

Aclidinium; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Dual bronchodilator therapy; Formoterol; Lung function; Symptom variability; Pulmonary and Respiratory MedicineAclidiniumHealth StatusVital CapacityHealth StatuPulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive0302 clinical medicineForced Expiratory VolumeFormoterol FumarateBronchodilatorBronchodilationFormoterol030212 general & internal medicineAclidinium; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Dual bronchodilator therapy; Formoterol; Lung function; Symptom variability; Administration Inhalation; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; Bronchodilator Agents; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationship Drug; Drug Therapy Combination; Forced Expiratory Volume; Formoterol Fumarate; Health Status; Humans; Muscarinic Antagonists; Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome; Tropanes; Vital CapacityLung functionCOPDbiologyChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseTropaneLamaBronchodilator AgentsMuscarinic AntagonistTreatment OutcomeInhalationAdministrationCombinationDisease ProgressionDrug Therapy CombinationDrugHumanmedicine.drugAdrenergic beta-2 Receptor AgonistPulmonary and Respiratory MedicineChronic Obstructivemedicine.medical_specialtymedicine.drug_classSymptom variabilitySocio-culturaleMuscarinic AntagonistsSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioDose-Response RelationshipPulmonary Disease03 medical and health sciencesDrug TherapyAdministration InhalationmedicineHumansIntensive care medicineAdrenergic beta-2 Receptor AgonistsBronchodilator AgentDose-Response Relationship Drugbusiness.industryMuscarinic antagonistDual bronchodilator therapymedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationLung functionrespiratory tract diseasesAclidinium; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Dual bronchodilator therapy; Formoterol; Lung function; Symptom variability; Administration Inhalation; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; Bronchodilator Agents; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationship Drug; Drug Therapy Combination; Forced Expiratory Volume; Formoterol Fumarate; Health Status; Humans; Muscarinic Antagonists; Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome; Tropanes; Vital Capacity; Pulmonary and Respiratory MedicineDual bronchodilation030228 respiratory systemQuality of LifeFormoterolbusinessTropanesRespiratory Medicine
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Targeted-lung delivery of dexamethasone using gated mesoporous silica nanoparticles. A new therapeutic approach for acute lung injury treatment

2021

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical inflammatory syndrome, characterized by increased diffuse inflammation and severe lung damage, which represents a clinical concern due to the high morbidity and mortality in critical patients. In last years, there has been a need to develop more effective treatments for ALI, and targeted drug delivery to inflamed lungs has become an attractive research field. Here, we present a nanodevice based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with dexamethasone (a glucocorticoid extensively used for ALI treatment) and capped with a peptide that targets the TNFR1 receptor expressed in pro-inflammatory macrophages (TNFR-Dex-MSNs) and avoids cargo leakage. TNFR-D…

Acute Lung InjuryPharmaceutical ScienceInflammationLung injuryPharmacologyDexamethasoneMiceIn vivomedicineAnimalsHumansLungDexamethasoneLungbusiness.industryrespiratory systemSilicon Dioxiderespiratory tract diseasesmedicine.anatomical_structureTargeted drug deliveryNanoparticlesTumor necrosis factor alphamedicine.symptombusinessGlucocorticoidmedicine.drugJournal of Controlled Release
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Lung CD11c+ cells from mice deficient in Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI-3) prevent airway hyper-responsiveness in experimental asthma

2007

Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene (EBI)-3 codes for a soluble type 1 cytokine receptor homologous to the p40 subunit of IL-12 that is expressed by antigen-presenting cells following activation. Here, we analyzed the functional role of EBI-3 in a murine model of asthma associated with airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Upon allergen challenge, EBI-3-/- mice showed less severe AHR, decreased numbers and degranulation of eosinophils and a significantly reduced number of VCAM-1+ cells in the lungs as compared to wild-type littermates. We thus analyzed lung CD11c+ cells before and after allergen challenge in these mice and found that before allergen challenge, lung CD1…

Adoptive cell transferMyeloidCell TransplantationImmunologyVascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1CD11cCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesBiologyMinor Histocompatibility AntigensInterferon-gammaMiceImmune systemmedicineAnimalsImmunology and AllergyReceptors CytokineLungCell ProliferationMice KnockoutLungTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaEffectorDegranulationInterferon-alphaDendritic CellsSTAT4 Transcription Factorrespiratory systemInterleukin-12AsthmaCD11c AntigenInterleukin-10respiratory tract diseasesEosinophilsMice Inbred C57BLmedicine.anatomical_structureImmunologyInterleukin-4Bronchial HyperreactivityInterleukin-5T-Box Domain ProteinsCytokine receptorBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidEuropean Journal of Immunology
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Coexpression of TGF-β1 and IL-10 Enables Regulatory T Cells to Completely Suppress Airway Hyperreactivity

2008

Abstract In allergic airway disease, Treg may play an important role in the modulation of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and inflammation. We therefore investigated the therapeutic potential of Treg in an Ag-dependent murine asthma model. We here describe that AHR can be completely suppressed by adoptive transfer of Treg overexpressing active TGF-β1. Using mice with impaired TGF-β signaling in T cells, we could demonstrate that TGF-β signaling in recipient effector T cells or transferred Treg themselves is not required for the protective effects on AHR. However, the expression of IL-10 by Treg was found to be essential for the suppression of AHR, since Treg overexpressing active TGF-β1 but de…

Adoptive cell transferTransgeneImmunologyGene ExpressionMice Transgenicchemical and pharmacologic phenomenaInflammationT-Lymphocytes RegulatoryTransforming Growth Factor beta1MiceRespiratory HypersensitivitymedicineAnimalsImmunology and AllergyAsthmaInflammationbusiness.industryEffectorhemic and immune systemsrespiratory systemmedicine.diseaseAdoptive TransferAirway hyperreactivityInterleukin-10respiratory tract diseasesDisease Models AnimalInterleukin 10Immunologymedicine.symptombusinessSignal TransductionTransforming growth factorThe Journal of Immunology
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Sleep apnoea severity independently predicts glycaemic health in nondiabetic subjects: the ESADA study

2014

Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with increased risk of dysglycaemia but the intimate link of these conditions with obesity makes discerning an independent relationship between them challenging. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes in nondiabetics but there is a lack of population-level data exploring the relationship of HbA1c with OSA. A cross-sectional analysis of 5294 participants in the multinational European Sleep Apnoea Cohort (European Sleep Apnoea Database) study was performed, assessing the relationship of OSA severity with HbA1c levels in nondiabetic subjects, with adjustment for confounding factors. HbA1c levels cor…

AdultBlood GlucoseMalePulmonary and Respiratory Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentCross-sectional studyPolysomnographyintermittent hypoxia insulin resistance diabetes obesityBlood PressurePolysomnographySettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratoriota3111Young Adultstomatognathic systemInternal medicineDiabetes MellitusmedicineHumansProspective StudiesSleep studyHypoxiaAgedAged 80 and overGlycated HemoglobinSleep Apnea ObstructiveAnthropometrymedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryConfoundingSleep apneaOdds ratioMiddle Agedmedicine.diseasenervous system diseasesrespiratory tract diseasesEuropeCross-Sectional StudiesTreatment OutcomeQuartileCardiovascular DiseasesHyperglycemiaMultivariate AnalysisCohortPhysical therapyFemaleHuman medicinebusinessEuropean Respiratory Journal
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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Glucose Tolerance in Obese Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

2014

Study objectives Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), even in patients with morbid obesity. Our goal was to address whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment improved glucose metabolism in this population. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed in severe OSA patients with morbid obesity without diabetes in two university referral hospitals. Patients received conservative (CT) versus CPAP treatment for 12 weeks. MetS components, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and oral glucose tolerance were assessed at baseline and after treatment. Results A total of 80 …

AdultBlood GlucoseMalemedicine.medical_specialtyglucose tolerancemedicine.medical_treatmentPopulationSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyImpaired glucose tolerance03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineInsulin resistancePhysiology (medical)Internal medicineDiabetes mellitusinsulin resistanceGlucose IntoleranceWeight LossmedicineHumansInsulinProspective StudiesContinuous positive airway pressureeducationobstructive sleep apneaMetabolic SyndromeSleep Apnea Obstructiveeducation.field_of_studyGlucose tolerance testContinuous Positive Airway Pressuremedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryGlucose Tolerance TestMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseObesity Morbidrespiratory tract diseasesSurgeryObstructive sleep apnea030228 respiratory systemFemaleNeurology (clinical)Insulin ResistanceMetabolic syndromeSleep Disordered Breathingbusinesscontinuous positive airway pressure
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Effects of cigarette smoking or ingestion of nicotine on platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in smokers and non-smokers.

1992

Platelets of healthy smokers and non-smokers were prepared and their content of 5-hydroxytryptamine was determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Platelet 5-HT levels in smokers (728 +/- 156 pmol per 10(8) platelets, mean +/- SEM, n = 9) were significantly higher than those in non-smokers (353 +/- 156 pmol per 10(8) platelets, n = 11). Smoking of a single cigarette caused a transient increase in platelet 5-HT levels by about 350% in non-smokers, but had no additional effect in smokers. Similarly, chewing of nicotine gum (4-8 mg nicotine) resulted in a transient increase in platelet 5-HT by about 100% in non-smokers, but not in smokers. In conclusion, smoking of cigarettes can cause…

AdultBlood Plateletsmedicine.medical_specialtyNicotineSerotoninAdministration OralReceptors NicotinicNicotine03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineCigarette smokingInternal medicineDrug DiscoverymedicineEnterochromaffin CellsIngestionHumansPlateletReceptorGenetics (clinical)5-HT receptorbusiness.industrySmokingGeneral Medicinerespiratory tract diseases3. Good healthEndocrinologyNicotine gum030220 oncology & carcinogenesisReceptors Serotoninbehavior and behavior mechanismsMolecular MedicineSerotoninbusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgerymedicine.drugThe Clinical investigator
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Human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated gynecological alteration in mothers of children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis during long-term obs…

2007

Abstract Background : Human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the most frequently observed sexually transmitted infections. The study' purpose was to investigate the relation between a mother's gynecological history and the local status of her child with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Methods : Forty-two patients enrolled in a prospective multicenter study between 1983 and 1990. The study included patients with juvenile-onset and adult-onset RRP. All patients underwent surgery and treatment with α-interferon. Thirty-eight patients were followed up until 31.01.2006. Twenty-five mothers of these patients participated in a parallel prospective study of genital HPV infection. In 1989…

AdultCancer Researchmedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentmedicine.medical_treatmentVaginal DiseasesPapillomatosisUterine Cervical DiseasesPregnancyRecurrenceRisk FactorsPrevalencemedicineHumansLongitudinal StudiesPregnancy Complications InfectiousChildProspective cohort studyReproductive HistoryAgedColposcopyGynecologyHysterectomyPapillomamedicine.diagnostic_testObstetricsbusiness.industryPapillomavirus InfectionsHPV infectionInfantMiddle AgedCondyloma AcuminatumHuman papillomavirus 6medicine.diseaseRespiratory Tract NeoplasmsKoilocyteOncologyChild PreschoolFemaleRecurrent Respiratory Papillomatosismedicine.symptombusinessCancer Detection and Prevention
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Associated with Liver Damage and Atherosclerosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2015

Background/Aims We assessed whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal hypoxemia are associated with severity of liver fibrosis and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and low prevalence of morbid obesity. Secondary aim was to explore the association of OSA and hypoxemia with NASH and severity of liver pathological changes. Methods Consecutive patients (n = 126) with chronically elevated ALT and NAFLD underwent STOP-BANG questionnaire to estimate OSA risk and ultrasonographic carotid assessment. In patients accepting to perform cardiorespiratory polygraphy (PG, n = 50), OSA was defined as an apnea/hypopnea index ≥5. A carotid atherosclerotic plaque was defi…

AdultCarotid Artery DiseasesLiver CirrhosisMalemedicine.medical_specialtyBiopsylcsh:MedicinePolysomnographySeverity of Illness IndexGastroenterologyLiver Function TestsNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesInternal medicineSeverity of illnessPrevalencemedicineHumansHypoxialcsh:ScienceAgedNAFLD OSAS ATHEROSCLEROSISSleep Apnea ObstructiveMultidisciplinarymedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industrylcsh:RFatty liverApneaSleep apneaMiddle AgedAtherosclerosismedicine.diseasePlaque Atheroscleroticrespiratory tract diseases3. Good healthObstructive sleep apneaEndocrinologyFemalelcsh:Qmedicine.symptombusinessLiver function testsHypopneaResearch ArticlePLOS ONE
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