Search results for "reverse transcriptase"
showing 10 items of 715 documents
Different origin of adipogenic stem cells influences the response to antiretroviral drugs
2015
Lipodystrophy (LD) is a main side effect of antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection, and can be provoked by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs). LD exists in different forms, characterized by fat loss, accumulation, or both, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. In particular, few data exist concerning the effects of antiretroviral drugs on adipocyte differentiation. Adipose tissue can arise either from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), that include bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs), or from ectodermal stem cells, that include dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). To analyze whether the embryonal origin of adipocytes might impact the occurrence of d…
In Vitro Expression of the Endothelial Phenotype: Comparative Study of Primary Isolated Cells and Cell Lines, Including the Novel Cell Line HPMEC-ST1…
2002
Endothelial cell lines are commonly used in in vitro studies to avoid problems associated with the use of primary endothelial cells such as the presence of contaminating cells, the difficulty in obtaining larger numbers of cells, as well as the progressive loss of cell viability and expression of endothelial markers in the course of in vitro propagation. We have analyzed the characteristics defining distinctive endothelial phenotypes in the cell lines EA.hy926, ECV304, EVLC2, HAEND, HMEC-1, ISO-HAS-1 and a cell line recently generated in our laboratory, HPMEC-ST1.6R, and have compared these phenotypes with those found in primary human endothelial cells isolated from umbilical vein (HUVEC), …
Resveratrol decreases the levels of miR-155 by upregulating miR-663, a microRNA targeting JunB and JunD.
2010
An inflammatory component is present in the microenvironment of most neoplastic tissues, including those not causally related to an obvious inflammatory process. Several microRNAs, and especially miR-155, play an essential role in both the innate and adaptative immune response. Resveratrol (trans-3,4#,5-trihydroxystilbene) is a natural antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties that is currently at the stage of preclinical studies for human cancer prevention. Here, we establish that, in human THP-1 monocytic cells as well as in human blood monocytes, resveratrol upregulates miR- 663, a microRNA potentially targeting multiple genes implicated in the immune response. In THP-1 cells, miR-66…
Modulation of protein tyrosine nitration and inflammatory mediators by isoprenylhydroquinone glucoside.
2007
The nitration of tyrosine caused by peroxynitrite and other reactive nitrogen species is clearly detrimental for some physiological processes; however, its signalling role is still open to controversy. Among the natural phenolics known for their ability to oppose free tyrosine nitration, isoprenylhydroquinone glucoside is investigated due to its unusual structure, which contains a simple hydroxybenzene alkylated by a hemiterpenoid moiety. This hydroquinone was shown to be an effective inhibitor of peroxynitrite-induced protein tyrosine nitration in 3T3 fibroblasts. When tested on bovine seroalbumin nitration, however, the potency was reduced by half and the effect was almost abolished in th…
Inhibition of NF-κB Activation and iNOS Induction by ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Murine Macrophages
2009
Xerophilusin A (1), xerophilusin B (2), longikaurin B (3), and xerophilusin F (4) from Isodon xerophylus inhibit LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with IC(50) values of 0.60, 0.23, 0.44, and 0.67 muM, respectively, and they all inhibited mRNA production in these same cells. They decreased the luciferase activity in RAW 264.7 cells transiently transfected with the NF-kappaB-dependent luciferase reporter, with IC(50) values of 1.8, 0.7, 1.2, and 1.6 muM, respectively. Compounds 1-3 reduced NF-kappaB activation, with compound 4 showing no effect, but p65 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and the LPS-induced degradation of IkappaB were inhibited by all four test …
HSP60 and CpG-DNA-oligonucleotides differentially regulate LPS-tolerance of hepatic Kupffer cells
2004
Background/aims: Hepatic Kupffer cells (KC) are major regulators of the immune response to gut-derived bacterial products; uncontrolled activation of KC by bacterial components is of pathogenic relevance in alcoholic hepatitis and septic shock. Methods: We examined the role of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bacterial and autologous HSP60 and bacterial DNA, which are recognized by innate Toll-like receptors, during activation of murine KC. Results: In cultivated KC, autologous HSP60 induced a state of LPS-hyporesponsiveness; bacterial DNA did not mitigate the response to subsequent LPS-challenge in vitro; in contrast, pre-treatment of mice with bacterial DNA even significantly increased…
Highly efficient liposome-mediated gene transfer of inducible nitric oxide synthase in vivo and in vitro in vascular smooth muscle cells.
2000
Objective: The efficient introduction of regulatory genes into vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is one of the most promising options for gene therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Cationic liposome-mediated gene transfer may become a favorable transfection technique with regard to patient’s safety for in vivo administration. However, this method until now has its limitation in a low transfection efficiency. Therefore, the present study was designed to improve cationic liposome-mediated transfection of rabbit vascular SMCs in vitro and in vivo, in order to enhance transfection efficiency and present an optimized system which may offer a potential therapeutic benefit for in vivo application.…
Characterization of small HSPs from Anemonia viridis reveals insights into molecular evolution of alpha crystallin genes among cnidarians.
2014
Gene family encoding small Heat-Shock Proteins (sHSPs containing α-crystallin domain) are found both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms; however, there is limited knowledge of their evolution. In this study, two small HSP genes termed AvHSP28.6 and AvHSP27, both organized in one intron and two exons, were characterised in the Mediterranean snakelocks anemone Anemonia viridis. The release of the genome sequence of Hydra magnipapillata and Nematostella vectensis enabled a comprehensive study of the molecular evolution of α-crystallin gene family among cnidarians. Most of the H. magnipapillata sHSP genes share the same gene organization described for AvHSP28.6 and AvHSP27, differing from …
Potential biological role of laccase from the sponge Suberites domuncula as an antibacterial defense component
2014
Abstract Background Laccases are copper-containing enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of a wide variety of phenolic substrates. Methods We describe the first poriferan laccase from the marine demosponge Suberites domuncula. Results This enzyme comprises three characteristic multicopper oxidase homologous domains. Immunohistological studies revealed that the highest expression of the laccase is in the surface zone of the animals. The expression level of the laccase gene is strongly upregulated after exposure of the animals to the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. To allow the binding of the recombinant enzyme to ferromagnetic nanoparticles, a recombinant laccase was prepared which con…
Bcl-2 is a negative regulator of interleukin-1β secretion in murine macrophages in pharmacological-induced apoptosis
2010
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cucurbitacin R, a natural anti-inflammatory product, has been shown to exhibit activity against both adjuvant-induced arthritis and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions induced by various agents. Previous studies have demonstrated that the effects of cucurbitacin R stem from its inhibition of both cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES Effects of cucurbitacin R were investigated on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Cell cycle evolution was analysed by flow cytometry, detection of apoptosis by DNA ladder, Bcl-2, p21, p53, Bax, cleaved caspase-1 (p10), caspase-9, and caspase-3, cleaved caspase (p17) and interleukin-1β d…