Search results for "reverse transcriptase"
showing 10 items of 715 documents
MOZ/TIF2-induced acute myeloid leukaemia in transgenic fish.
2008
The inv(8)(p11q13) chromosomal abnormality, described in acute myeloid leukaemias (AML), fuses the histone acetyl-transferase (HAT) MYST3 (MOZ) gene with another HAT gene, NCOA2 (TIF2). We generated a transgenic zebrafish in which the MYST3/NCOA2 fusion gene was expressed under control of the spi1 promoter. An AML developed in 2 of 180 MYST3/NCOA2-EGFP-expressing embryos, 14 and 26 months after injection of the fusion gene in a one-cell embryo, respectively. This leukaemia was characterised by an extensive invasion of kidneys by myeloid blast cells. This model, which is the first zebrafish model of AML, demonstrates the oncogenic potency of MYST3/NCOA2 fusion gene.
Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate transfer of cytoplasmic neutrophil antigens to myeloid dendritic cells toward ANCA induction and associated au…
2012
AbstractAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) target proteins normally retained within neutrophils, indicating that cell death is involved in the autoimmunity process. Still, ANCA pathogenesis remains obscure. ANCAs activate neutrophils inducing their respiratory burst and a peculiar form of cell death, named NETosis, characterized by formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), decondensed chromatin threads decorated with cytoplasmic proteins endorsed with antimicrobial activity. NETs have been consistently detected in ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis, and this association prompted us to test whether the peculiar structure of NET favors neutrophil proteins uploading i…
Oxidative stress upregulates the NMDA receptor on cerebrovascular endothelium.
2009
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R)-mediated oxidative stress has been implicated in blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in a variety of neuropathological diseases. Although some interactions between both phenomena have been elucidated, possible influences of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the NMDA-R itself have so far been neglected. The objective of this study was to examine how the cerebroendothelial NMDA-R is affected by exposure to oxidative stress and to assess possible influences on BBB integrity. RT-PCR confirmed several NMDA-R subunits (NR1, NR2B-D) expressed in the bEnd3 cell line (murine cerebrovascular endothelial cells). NR1 protein expression after exposure to ROS was ob…
β-Aminobutyric Acid Primes an NADPH Oxidase–Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Production During Grapevine-Triggered Immunity
2010
International audience; The molecular mechanisms underlying the process of priming are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the early signaling events triggered by β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), a well-known priming-mediated plant resistance inducer. Our results indicate that, in contrast to oligogalacturonides (OG), BABA does not elicit typical defense-related early signaling events nor defense-gene expression in grapevine. However, in OG-elicited cells pretreated with BABA, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of the respiratory-burst oxidase homolog RbohD gene were primed. In response to the causal agent of downy mildew Plasmopara viticola, a strong…
Loss of Nrf2 in bone marrow-derived macrophages impairs antigen-driven CD8+ T cell function by limiting GSH and Cys availability
2015
NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), known to protect against reactive oxygen species, has recently been reported to resolve acute inflammatory responses in activated macrophages. Consequently, disruption of Nrf2 promotes a proinflammatory macrophage phenotype. In the current study, we addressed the impact of this macrophage phenotype on CD8(+) T cell activation by using an antigen-driven coculture model consisting of Nrf2(-/-) and Nrf2(+/+) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMΦ) and transgenic OT-1 CD8(+) T cells. OT-1 CD8(+) T cells encode a T cell receptor that specifically recognizes MHC class I-presented ovalbumin OVA(257-264) peptide, thereby causing a downstream T cell activation. Interes…
2-(2,6-Dihalophenyl)-3-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones as non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
2004
Several 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones bearing a 2,6-dihalophenyl group at C-2 and a substituted pyrimidin-2-yl ring at the N-3 were synthesised and evaluated as anti-HIV agents. The results of the in vitro tests showed that some of them were highly effective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) replication at 10–40 nM concentrations with minimal cytotoxicity. Structure–activity relationship studies revealed that the nature of the substituents at the 2 and 3 positions of the thiazolidinone nucleus had a significant impact on the in vitro anti-HIV activity of this class of potent antiretroviral agents. The compounds had significantly reduced activity against the characteristic N…
The role of oxidative stress in pro-inflammatory activation of human endothelial cells on Ti6Al4V alloy
2013
Inflammation is an important step in the early phase of tissue regeneration around an implanted metallic orthopaedic device. However, prolonged inflammation, which can be induced by metallic corrosion products, can lead to aseptic loosening and implant failure. Cells in peri-implant tissue as well as metal corrosion can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, thus contributing to an oxidative microenvironment around an implant. Understanding cellular reactions to implant-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory activation is important to help prevent an adverse response to metallic materials. In an earlier study we have shown that endothelial cells grown on Ti6Al4V alloy are subjec…
Reciprocal regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase by betulinic acid in human endothelial cells.
2007
Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is a protective principle in the vasculature. Many cardiovascular diseases are associated with reduced NO bioactivity and eNOS uncoupling due to oxidative stress. Compounds that reverse eNOS uncoupling and increase eNOS expression are of therapeutic interest. Zizyphi Spinosi semen (ZSS) is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbs with protective effects on the cardiovascular system. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and HUVEC-derived EA.hy 926 cells, an extract of ZSS increased eNOS promoter activity, eNOS mRNA and protein expression, and NO production in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Maj…
Peptidases specific for proline-containing peptides and their unusual peptide-dependent regulation in Oenococcus oeni
2009
International audience; Growth of the lactic acid bacterium (LAB) Oenococcus oeni, which is involved in malolactic fermentation during the winemaking process, is stimulated by peptides originating from yeast. In this study, we investigated the impact of peptides on O. oeni growth, peptidase activity and the expression of genes encoding the studied peptidases. Low levels of PepN activity and very high levels of PepI activity were observed in O. oeni, whereas levels of PepX activity were intermediate. The level of biosynthesis of these O. oeni peptidases was shown to depend on peptides present in the culture medium. These results were confirmed by transcriptional analyses of putative pep gene…
Rat olfactory bulb and epithelium UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A1 (UGT2A1) expression: in situ mRNA localization and quantitative analysis.
2001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) form a multigenic family of enzymes involved in the biotransformation and elimination of numerous endo- and xenobiotic compounds. Beside the diverse UGT isoforms present in the liver as well as in other tissues, the UGT2A1 isoform, also called olfactory UGT, was initially thought to be expressed in the nasal epithelium only. In this work, we demonstrate the UGT2A1 mRNA expression in the olfactory bulb, using in situ hybridization and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Within the epithelium, UGT2A1 mRNA is mainly found in the sustentacular cells and to a lesser extent in Bowman's gland cells. Moreover, in situ…