Search results for "rigidity"

showing 10 items of 83 documents

Ion-optical layout of a powerful next-generation pre-separator for in-flight separation of relativistic rare isotopes

2006

Abstract Rare isotope beams can be efficiently produced at relativistic energies via projectile fragmentation and projectile fission. Magnetic rigidity analysis in combination with atomic energy loss ( Bρ –Δ E – Bρ method) in profiled matter placed at dispersive focal planes represents the tool for spatial separation in flight. The next-generation in-flight separators at high energies will consist of multiple degrader stages to provide intense monoisotopic fragment beams of all elements up to uranium. The pre-separator layout with the first degrader system holds many technical challenges, e.g. to handle the high-power primary beams characterized by a large range in time structure, from a DC…

Nuclear physicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsRigidity (electromagnetism)BunchesChemistryFissionProjectileMagnetNuclear structureMonoisotopic massInstrumentationBeam (structure)Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
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Monte Carlo Simulations of Semi-Flexible Polymers

2005

We present Monte Carlo simulations on the phase behavior of semiflexible macromolecules. For a single chain this question is of biophysical interest given the fact that long and stiff DNA chains are typically folded up into very tight compartments. So one can ask the question how the state diagram of a semiflexible chain differs from the coilglobule behavior of a flexible macromolecule. Another effect connected with rigidity of the chains is their tendency to aggregate and form nematically ordered structures. As a consequence one has two competing phase transitions: a gas-liquid and an isotropic-nematic transition potentially giving rise to a complicated phase diagram.

Persistence lengthchemistry.chemical_classificationQuantitative Biology::BiomoleculesPhase transitionChemistryMonte Carlo methodSingle chainPolymerQuantitative Biology::Subcellular ProcessesCondensed Matter::Soft Condensed MatterRigidity (electromagnetism)Statistical physicsMacromoleculePhase diagram
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Semiflexible Polymers Interacting with Planar Surfaces: Weak versus Strong Adsorption

2020

Semiflexible polymers bound to planar substrates by a short-range surface potential are studied by Molecular Dynamics simulations to clarify the extent to which these chain molecules can be considered as strictly two-dimensional. Applying a coarse-grained bead-spring model, the chain length N and stiffness &kappa

Phase transitionPolymers and Plastics02 engineering and technology01 natural sciencesMolecular physicsGyrationArticlelcsh:QD241-441Molecular dynamicschain rigiditylcsh:Organic chemistry0103 physical sciencesPerpendicularMolecule010306 general physicspolymersPhysicschemistry.chemical_classificationPersistence lengthQuantitative Biology::Biomoleculesfood and beveragesGeneral ChemistryPolymer021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologymolecular dynamicsphase transitionsCondensed Matter::Soft Condensed MatterDistribution functionchemistryadsorption0210 nano-technologyPolymers
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Rigidity and Dynamics of Random Spring Networks

1996

The static and dynamic elastic properties of two-dimensional random networks composed of Hookean springs are analyzed. These networks are proved to be nonrigid with respect to small deformations, and the floppy mode ratio is calculated exactly. The vibrational spectrum is shown to consist only of zero-frequency and localized modes. The exponential decay of the amplitude and velocity of the transient wave front are shown to be exactly described by a quasi-one-dimensional model of noninteracting paths of propagation.

PhysicsClassical mechanicsAmplitudeGeneral Physics and AstronomyTransient wavesRigidity (psychology)Exponential decayVibrational spectrumPhysical Review Letters
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Rigid motions relative to an observer:L-rigidity

1996

A new definition of rigidity,L-rigidity, in general relativity is proposed. This concept is a special class of pseudorigid motions and therefore it depends on the chosen curveL. It is shown that, for slow-rotation steady motions in Minkowski space, weak rigidity andL-rigidity are equivalent. The methods of the PPN approximation are considered. In this formalism, the equations that characterizeL-rigidity are expressed. As a consequence, the baryon mass density is constant in first order, the stress tensor is constant in the comoving system, the Newtonian potential is constant along the lineL, and the gravitational field is constant along the lineL in the comoving system.

PhysicsGeneral Relativity and Quantum CosmologyMathematics of general relativityRigidity (electromagnetism)Classical mechanicsNewtonian potentialPhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)Gravitational fieldGeneral relativityCauchy stress tensorGeneral MathematicsMinkowski spaceIntroduction to the mathematics of general relativityInternational Journal of Theoretical Physics
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Rigour and Rigidity: Systematics on particle physics D6-brane models on Z(2)xZ(6)

2014

We launch a systematic search for phenomenologically appealing string vacua with intersecting D-branes on the promising T6/Z(2)xZ(6)xOR orientifold with discrete torsion. The number of independent background lattices is reduced from six to two by new symmetries. The occurrence of USp(2N) and SO(2N) versus U(N) gauge groups is classified as well as D-branes without matter in the adjoint and/or symmetric representation. Supersymmetric fractional D6-branes allowing for RR tadpole cancellation are fully classified in terms of all possible values of the one complex structure modulus inherited from the underlying six-torus. We then systematically investigate the conditions for three particle gene…

PhysicsHigh Energy Physics - TheoryPati–Salam modelVacuum stateExotic matterFOS: Physical sciencesGeneral Physics and AstronomyTheoretical physicsHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)Rigidity (electromagnetism)High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)OrientifoldHomogeneous spaceGrand Unified TheoryBrane
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Dynamic rigidity transition.

2003

An inflated closed loop (or membrane) is used to demonstrate a dynamic rigidity transition that occurs when impact energy is added to the loop in static equilibrium at zero temperature. The only relevant parameter in this transition is the ratio of the energy needed to collapse the loop and the impact energy. When this ratio is below a threshold value close to unity, the loop collapses into a high-entropy floppy state, and it does not return to the rigid state unless the impact energy can escape. The internal oscillations are in the floppy state dominated by 1/f(2) noise. When the ratio is above the threshold, the loop does not collapse, and the internal oscillations resulting from the impa…

PhysicsMechanical equilibriumClassical mechanicsRigidity (electromagnetism)lawImpact energyMechanicsZero temperatureClosed looplaw.inventionPhysical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics
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Study of non-fusion products in the Ti50+Cf249 reaction

2018

The isotopic distribution of nuclei produced in the 50Ti + 249Cf reaction has been studied at the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA at GSI Darmstadt, which separates ions according to differences in magnetic rigidity. The bombardment was performed at an energy around the Bass barrier and with the TASCA magnetic fields set for collecting fusion-evaporation reaction products. Fifty-three isotopes located “north-east” of 208Pb were identified as recoiling products formed in non-fusion channels of the reaction. These recoils were implanted with energies in two distinct ranges; besides one with higher energy, a significant low-energy contribution was identified. The latter observation was not ex…

PhysicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsIsotope010308 nuclear & particles physicsFission01 natural sciencesRecoil separatorMagnetic fieldIonNuclear physicsNon fusionRigidity (electromagnetism)0103 physical sciencesNuclear Experiment010306 general physicsPhysics Letters B
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The recoil transfer chamber—An interface to connect the physical preseparator TASCA with chemistry and counting setups

2011

Performing experiments with transactinide elements demands highly sensitive detection methods due to the extremely low production rates (one-atom-at-a-time conditions). Preseparation with a physical recoil separator is a powerful method to significantly reduce the background in experiments with sufficiently long-lived isotopes (t1/2≥0.5 s). In the last years, the new gas-filled TransActinide Separator and Chemistry Apparatus (TASCA) was installed and successfully commissioned at GSI. Here, we report on the design and performance of a Recoil Transfer Chamber (RTC) for TASCA—an interface to connect various chemistry and counting setups with the separator. Nuclear reaction products recoiling o…

PhysicsNuclear reactionNuclear and High Energy Physicschemistry.chemical_elementTransactinide elementRecoil separatorIonNuclear physicsRecoilCardinal pointRigidity (electromagnetism)chemistryRutherfordiumInstrumentationNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
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Legri Background. Short Term Variability

2001

Background modelling for LEO satellites with high orbital inclination is not an easy task. The diffuse background component is dominated by the background coming from strong interactions with Earth magnetosphere trapped particles. Magnetic shielding is variable along the orbits and crosses through the SAA induce high radioactivity decay counting ratios. The aim of this paper is to present a model for the background total counting ratio of the 17 operative CdZnTe detectors on LEGRI in the short time scales and for observing periods outside crosses through SAA having enough time to cool LEGRI after the last SAA transit. Fluxes measured have been modelled in terms of the Mcllwain parameter L u…

PhysicsRigidity (electromagnetism)Earth's magnetic fieldElectromagnetic shieldingMagnetosphereAstrophysicsCosmologyOrbital inclinationSouth Atlantic AnomalyExponential function
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