Search results for "ripening."
showing 10 items of 133 documents
Grapevine row orientation mediated temporal and cumulative microclimatic effects on grape berry temperature and composition
2021
Abstract Ambient radiation and temperature are global drivers of grapevine growth, grape yield and composition, and wine quality. Knowledge of the implications of vineyard row orientation/microclimate is required for decision-making in current and future macro- and mesoclimates. Temporal and cumulative microclimatic changes, induced by vine row orientation (NS; EW; NE-SW; NW-SE) of vertically trellised Shiraz grapevines, on berry pulp temperature and composition at different ripeness levels were investigated. Berries dynamically gained heat energy relative to: ambient climate/weather; direct canopy wall/bunch irradiance; and berry skin colour development. Berries exposed to direct solar rad…
Two new planting systems for early ripening peaches (Prunus persica L. Batsch): Yield and fruit quality in four low-chill cultivars
1997
SummaryTrees of peach cvs Flordastar, Flordaprince, Flordacrest and Maravilha, low in chill requirement (Flordaprince 150; Flordacrest 350 C.U.), with a short fruit development period (Flordaprince 90; Flordacrest 110 d) and a very early ripening time (Flordastar mid May; Flordacrest first week of June), were planted in Sicily (37° 30′ Lat. N) both in a medium (667 trees per ha) and a high density (2000 trees per ha) plantation system. In the medium density planting system, the trees were trained to a Fusetto, and in the high density to a Y-shape. Both in the Fusetto and Y, the size of the trees was controlled by severe pruning soon after harvest, consisting in the shortening of most of the…
Crop Load and Rootstock Influence on Dry Matter Partitioning in Trees of Early and Late Ripening Peach Cultivars
2002
ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. vigor, starch, fruit size, Prunus persica ABSTRACT. Effect of crop load on dry matter partitioning was studied on 3-year-old peach ((Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Peach Group)) trees of the early ripening 'Early May Crest' (EMC) grafted on 'GF677' and Penta (Prunus domestica L.) rootstock and the late ripening 'Flaminia' grafted on 'GF677' rootstock ((Prunus persica x Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb) and grown outdoors in 230-L containers, for 2 years. Fruit thinning was carried out 10 days after fruit set to produce different crop loads. Trees were sampled destructively throughout two growing seasons and divided into above- ground and root components, for dry matter …
WITHIN TREE AND ORCHARD VARIABILITY OF SILVER KING PEACH (PRUNUS PERSICA (L.) BATSCH) FRUIT QUALITY
2012
The variability of crop quality accounts for most of seasonal variation of farmers’ incomes, since fruit value mostlydepends on its size and overall quality. Canopy architecture and orchard lay-out are mainly responsible for within tree environment and allocation, which in turn, account for fruit quality and its variability. Little is known about within tree and between trees variability resulting from different planting and training systems. A positive relationship has been measured in peach between PAR and TEAC (Motisi et al., 2005; Scalzo et al., 2005; Motisi et al., 2008). This study was carried out to measure within tree and orchard variability of fruits of the early ripening ‘Silver K…
Effects of irrigation on fruit ripening behavior and metabolic changes in olive
2012
Olive (Olea europaea, cv Leccino) fruits grown under different water regimes were analyzed by metabolomics and specific transcript accumulation analyses. The fruit from non-irrigated (rain-fed) and irrigated trees cultivated under field conditions, with a seasonal water amount equivalent to the calculated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was compared in the last developmental phase and, in particular, at commercial harvest. Metabolomics (GC-MS) analysis identified several hundred metabolites in ripe mesocarp, 46 of which showed significantly different contents in the rain-fed and irrigated samples. Some compounds involved in primary metabolism (carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids) and se…
MOLECULAR AND METABOLIC ANALYSES IN DEVELOPING OLIVE FRUIT IN RELATION TO DIFFERENT WATER REGIMES
2011
Despite the global economic importance of olive (Olea europaea L.), little is known about the molecular and metabolic changes during fruit development and the modulation of quality-related metabolic pathways during drought stress. In this work, we report the expression pattern of genes involved in important pathways of secondary metabolism (polyphenols, terpenoids) during fruit development in rainfed or fully irrigated olive plants. Phenolic compounds represent a complex mixture in both olive fruits and oil. The interest on these compounds is due to their demonstrated anti-atherogenic and anti-cancerogenic effects providing to the olive oil important nutraceutical properties. Several parame…
A Multivariate Approach to Study the Bacterial Diversity Associated to the Wooden Shelves Used for Aging Traditional Sicilian Cheeses.
2022
The present study was carried to correlate the microbial diversity of the biofilms developed on the wooden boards used for aging traditional Sicilian cheeses with cheese typology. To this end, the microbial diversity of the shelves in contact with the cheeses PDO Pecorino Siciliano, PDO Piacentinu Ennese, and TAP Caciocavallo Palermitano, during ripening, was evaluated by a multivariate statistical approach. The shelf biofilms of this study were previously analyzed for their microbial composition, but no correlation between biodiversity and cheese type was investigated. Canonical discriminant analysis confirmed a cheese typology effect on the microbial loads of the wooden shelves investigat…
1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE DELAYS RIPENING AND IMPROVES POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF WHITE FLESH LOQUAT
2015
The ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) delayed ripening and improved postharvest fruit quality of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). 1-MCP was used on the white flesh sub-acid loquat cultivars ‘Claudia’ and ‘BRT20’ to evaluate the possible effect on fruit ripening and to prevent negative effects of cold storage, like internal browning and flesh leatheriness. 1-MCP was applied at 2°C for 20 h and concentrations of 1 and 5 μl L-1. After 1-MCP treatment fruit were held at 2°C for 7, 14, and 21 days and then moved to 18°C for 5 days. Fruit flesh firmness, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble content (TSS), weight loss, internal browning and flesh leatheriness were evaluated at …
Understanding Digestive Ripening of Ligand-Stabilized, Charged Metal Nanoparticles
2017
Most syntheses of thiolate-protected metal nanoparticles (NPs) include a thermochemical step in which the as-prepared, polydisperse NPs are transformed to a narrower size distribution in a poorly understood process known as digestive ripening (DR). Previous theoretical approaches considered either surface and electrostatic contributions or surface and ligand-binding contributions. We show that the three contributions are needed to obtain theoretical predictions in agreement with experimental observations. Although statistical thermodynamics does not clarify mechanistic details, it certainly provides valuable insights on the DR process. Remarkably, a relatively simple theory with no fitting …
Production of sulfur flavors by ten strains of Geotrichum candidum
1999
ABSTRACT Ten strains of Geotrichum candidum were studied on a liquid cheese model medium for the production of sulfur compounds which contribute to the aroma of cheeses. The volatile components produced by each cultured strain were extracted by dynamic headspace extractions, separated and quantified by gas chromatography (GC), and identified by GC-mass spectrometry. It was shown that four strains of this microorganism produced significant quantities of S -methyl thioacetate, S -methyl thiopropionate, S -methyl thiobutanoate, S -methyl thio iso butanoate, S -methyl thio iso valerate, and S -methyl thiohexanoate. This is the first example of the production of these compounds by a fungus. In a…