Search results for "risk factor"
showing 10 items of 4321 documents
Polycystic ovary syndrome: metabolic consequences and long-term management.
2014
Young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) present an increased risk for type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of altered glucose tolerance ranges between 20 and 35 % in patients while the prevalence of type II diabetes ranges between 2 and 8 % and seems related to body weight and ethnic group. Moving from the young fertile age to the 40s and the menopause the prevalence of type II diabetes continues to increase compared to the general female population and may reach 10-16 % of PCOS women. However, prevalence of altered glucose tolerance does not increase. Also cardiovascular risk is increased in a large part of young PCOS women but this risk tends to be normal…
A review of epidemiological research on stroke and dementia and exposure to air pollution
2018
BackgroundOutdoor air pollution is now a well-known risk factor for morbidity and mortality, and is increasingly being identified as a major risk factor for stroke.MethodsA narrative literature review of the effects of short and long-term exposure to air pollution on stroke and dementia risk and cognitive functioning.ResultsTen papers on stroke and 17 on dementia were selected. Air pollution, and in particular small particulate matter, contributes to about one-third of the global stroke burden and about one-fifth of the global burden of dementia. It particularly affects vulnerable patients with other vascular risk factors or a prior history of stroke in low- and medium-income countries. New…
Smoking as a cofactor for causation of chronic pancreatitis: a meta-analysis.
2010
Objectives To assess the evidence for tobacco smoking as a risk factor for the causation of chronic pancreatitis. Methods We performed a meta-analysis with random-effects models to estimate pooled relative risks (RRs) of chronic pancreatitis for current, former, and ever smokers, in comparison to never smokers. We also performed dose-response, heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity analyses. Results Ten case-control studies and 2 cohort studies that evaluated, overall, 1705 patients with chronic pancreatitis satisfied the inclusion criteria. When contrasted to never smokers, the pooled risk estimates for current smokers was 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-4.2) overall and 2…
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Risk Factors in Relation to Allergy in Children
2017
Purpose To analyze presence of Helicobacter pylori infection and environmental risk factors among children with and without allergy. Methods Parents of children at primary health care centres/kindergartens and allergologist consultation were asked to answer a questionnaire and to bring a faecal sample. H. pylori infection was detected by monoclonal stool antigen test. Prevalence of H. pylori infection and risk factors were compared between individuals with and without allergy using χ2 test, ANOVA test and parameters and logistic regression. Results Among 220 children (mean age, 4.7 years; ±standard deviation 2.3 years) H. pylori positivity was non-significantly lower among patients with all…
Supportive care of the older cancer patient
2003
Aging is associated with decreased functional reserve of multiple organ systems and with changes in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodinamics of drugs. Older individuals express enhanced susceptibility to the complications of cytotoxic chemotherapy, especially to myleotoxicity, mucositis, cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. The management of older individuals with chemotherapy involves then prevention of these complications. General precautions include proper patient selection, based on the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), dose adjustment for agents that are renally excreted to the patient creatinine clearance and maintenance of hemoglobin levelsor =12 g/dl. Filgrastim and pegfilgras…
What are the risk factors of failure of enhanced recovery after right colectomy? Results of a prospective study on 140 consecutive cases
2020
Purpose Nausea and vomiting is the main cause of failure of enhanced recovery protocol (ERP) after right hemicolectomy. Methods From January 2013 to January 2018, all patients undergoing right hemicolectomy were prospectively included. Patients undergoing emergency surgery, additional complex procedure or temporary stoma, nasogastric tube (NGT) maintenance, or abdominal drainage were excluded. Failure of ERP was defined as nausea/vomiting precluding oral feeding after POD3 and/or the occurrence of postoperative ileus requiring NGT and/or length of stay (LOS) ≥ 8 days except for patients awaiting admission in rehabilitation unit. Risk factors of failure of ERP were identified using univariat…
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of left ventricular abnormalities in chronic kidney disease: a review.
2010
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and represent the major hazard for mortality in this population. Anomalies of left ventricular (LV) structure and function are very frequent too among CKD patients, and show a negative impact on cardiovascular prognosis. Methods We searched PubMed for manuscripts regarding left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in CKD. Definition of LVH was different according to different studies. Results In patients with end-stage renal disease, the prevalence of LVH is higher than 70%. Studies in patients with less advanced CKD have reported increasing prevalence of LVH along with declining renal function…
Anomalous Origin and Course of the Right Coronary Artery
2006
Coronary anomalous origin from the wrong aortic sinus has been thought to be a risk factor for ischemia because of acute takeoff from the aorta and flow between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.1–4 A 30-year-old man suddenly died within an hour of waking. His clinical history revealed no evidence of any disease, and the postmortem toxicological examination was negative. Autopsy ruled out violent or natural noncardiac causes …
Residual cardiovascular risk of lipid origin. Components and pathophysiological aspects
2019
Abstract There is no doubt about the relationship between LDL-C and cardiovascular risk, as well as about the benefits of statin treatment. Once the objective of LDL-C has been achieved, the evidences that demonstrate the persistence of a high cardiovascular risk, a concept called residual risk, are notable. The residual risk of lipid origin is based on atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterised by an increase in triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, a decrease in HDL-C and qualitative alterations in LDL particles. The most commonly used measures to identify this dyslipidemia are based on the determination of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, non-HDL cholesterol and remaining …
Combined Dyslipidemia: Should the Focus be LDL Cholesterol or Atherogenic Dyslipidemia?
2012
As the population becomes more obese and the prevalence of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome increases, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) may lose its value as a sole predictor for cardiovascular risk among lipids. Combined dyslipidemia is typically characterized by elevations in LDL-C and triglyceride levels, often accompanied by decreased high-density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and increased levels of small, dense LDL. This common disorder results from overproduction of hepatically synthesized apolipoprotein B in very low-density lipoproteins. In the last few years most of the international scientific guidelines as well as several expert panels have confirme…