Search results for "risk factor"
showing 10 items of 4321 documents
Methodology for high-quality studies on course and prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease.
2012
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by a chronic course with an alternation of relapses and remissions. Questions about prognosis are important for the patient who wants to know how the disease will affect his/her life and also for clinicians to make management decisions. Correct selection of the patients is the basis for good methodological studies on the course of IBD. A great proportion of data on the course of IBD is derived from a limited number of cohort studies. Studies help to define the endpoints for clinical trials and to identify subsets of patients in whom the prognosis of the disease can be stratified according to clinical features. Specific scientific requirem…
Food allergy in irritable bowel syndrome: The case of non-celiac wheat sensitivity
2015
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, having a prevalence of 12%-30% in the general population. Most patients with IBS attribute their symptoms to adverse food reactions. We review the role of diet in the pathogenesis of IBS and the importance of dietary factors in the management of these patients. The MEDLINE electronic database (1966 to Jan 2015) was searched using the following keywords: "food", "diet", "food allergy", "food hypersensitivity", "food intolerance", "IBS", "epidemiology", "pathogenesis", "pathophysiology", "diagnosis", "treatment". We found 153 eligible papers; 80 were excluded because: not written in English, exclusive biochem…
Inflammation and Aortic Stiffness: An Individual Participant Data Meta‐Analysis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
2017
Background The recent finding that aortic pulse wave velocity ( aPWV ) is increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease may explain why the cardiovascular risk is increased despite the low prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We aimed to test whether inflammation is associated with aortic stiffening in this setting after adjustment for major confounders and to perform subgroup analyses. Methods and Results A systematic literature search for aPWV in inflammatory bowel disease was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases (last accessed May 7, 2017). Inclusion criterion was peer‐reviewed publications on clinical studies reporting o…
Identification of a plausible serum uric acid cut-off value as prognostic marker of stroke: the Uric Acid Right for Heart Health (URRAH) study
2021
The Working Group on Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Risk of the Italian Society of Hypertension conceived and designed an ad hoc study aimed at searching for prognostic cut-off values of serum uric acid (SUA) in predicting combined (fatal and non-fatal) cerebrovascular (CBV) events in the whole database. The URic acid Right for heArt Health study is a nationwide, multicenter, observational cohort study involving data on subjects aged 18-95 years recruited on a regional community basis from all the territory of Italy under the patronage of the Italian Society of Hypertension with a mean follow-up period of 120.7 ± 61.8 months. A total of 14,588 subjects were included in the analysis. A prognos…
Lipid levels in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.
2011
Objective To quantify the magnitude and pattern of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and nonhigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) versus control women. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of lipid levels in published cross-sectional studies worldwide where PCOS women and controls were examined and sampled. Main Outcome Measure(s) Differences in plasma lipids (including triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and nonHDL-cholesterol) in PCOS versus control subjects were calculated. Comparisons were made with and without body mass index (BMI) matching. Result(s) Triglyceride levels were 26 mg/dL (95% confidence …
Microsurgical Scalp Reconstruction in the Elderly
2015
BACKGROUND Microvascular reconstruction is the mainstay of treatment in complex scalp defects. The rate of elderly patients requiring scalp reconstruction is increasing, but outcomes in elderly patients are unclear. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature pertaining to free tissue transfer for scalp reconstruction in patients older than 65 years to compare outcomes among different free flaps and determine the safety profile of treatment. METHODS A systematic review of the available literature of patients undergoing microvascular scalp reconstruction was completed. Details for patients 65 years and older were extracted and reviewed for data analysis. RESULTS A t…
High Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption Is Associated With Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Alleles in ABCG8 and ABO
2013
Objectives This study sought to determine whether high intestinal cholesterol absorption represents a cardiovascular risk factor and to link ABCG8 and ABO variants to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Background Plant sterol–enriched functional foods are widely used for cholesterol lowering. Their regular intake yields a 2-fold increase in circulating plant sterol levels that equally represent markers of cholesterol absorption. Variants in ABCG8 and ABO have been associated with circulating plant sterol levels and CVD, thereby suggesting atherogenic effects of plant sterols or of cholesterol uptake. Methods The cholestanol-to-cholesterol ratio (CR) was used as an estimate of cholesterol absorpt…
Uncoupling Protein 2 as genetic risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus: association with malondialdehyde levels and intima media thickness
2020
BACKGROUND Increased oxidative stress potentially leads to accelerated atherosclerosis and, consequently, cardiovascular diseases, the main cause of death in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). To gain insight into these mechanisms, we studied the association of uncoupling protein (UCP) 2 genetic variants, gene involved in the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species, and oxidative stress with SLE and the presence of atherosclerosis. METHODS Genetic analysis of the UCP2 -866G/A and UCP2 Ins/Del polymorphisms was performed in 45 SLE patients and 36 healthy controls by RFLP-PCR. Oxidation status was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Presence of subclinical athero…
Update on the role of the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype in cardiovascular prevention
2009
Higher plasma triglyceride levels and decreased HDL-cholesterol concentrations are usually accompanied by the presence of small, dense LDL in the so-called lipid triad or ‘atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype’. This phenotype is highly atherogenic and its prevalence may suggest an even higher overall burden of atherosclerotic disease as compared with that associated with hypercholesterolemia. As stated by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, there is evidence suggesting each component of this lipid triad is individually atherogenic. However, the relative contribution of each component cannot be easily determined. Therefore, it has been suggested to consider th…
Should we measure routinely the LDL peak particle size?
2004
Low density lipoproteins (LDL) do not show in humans a normal distribution and comprise two different main fractions: large, buoyant (phenotype pattern A) and small, dense (phenotype pattern B) particles, that differ not only in size and density but also in physicochemical composition, metabolic behaviour and atherogenicity. The prevalence of small, dense LDL changes with age (30-35% in adult men, 5-10% in men <20 years and in pre-menopausal women, 15-25% in postmenopausal women) and is genetically influenced, with a heritability ranging from 35% to 45%. Small, dense LDL correlate negatively with plasma HDL levels and positively with plasma triglyceride levels and are associated with the me…