Search results for "rongeur"

Modeling the epidemiological history of plague in Central Asia: Palaeoclimatic forcing on a disease system over the past millennium

2010

Abstract Background Human cases of plague (Yersinia pestis) infection originate, ultimately, in the bacterium's wildlife host populations. The epidemiological dynamics of the wildlife reservoir therefore determine the abundance, distribution and evolution of the pathogen, which in turn shape the frequency, distribution and virulence of human cases. Earlier studies have shown clear evidence of climatic forcing on contemporary plague abundance in rodents and humans. Results We find that high-resolution palaeoclimatic indices correlate with plague prevalence and population density in a major plague host species, the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus), over 1949-1995. Climate-driven models trained…

Des souris et des vaches capables de percevoir des émotions humaines grâce aux odeurs

2021

ERG in retinal Research III (Applications)

2018

Développement postnatal et évolution du complexe craniofacial chezles rongeurs

2022

Understanding developmental mechanisms in evolution is crucial to apprehend the diversification of organismal forms. In mammals, changes occur during all development phases (prenatal and postnatal). Postnatal growth plays an essential role in the acquisition of the adult shape. During this period, the craniofacial complex undergoes many changes in functional constraint forcing the different tissue to accommodate while adjusting, along the growth and at the adult stage, to a certain level of functional performance. These different developmental interactions respond to several influencing factors such as molecular, genetic and cellular processes but also the environment. The latter will play …

Evolutionary and developmental hypotheses in rodent dentition through time : the adaptive radiation of Arvicolinae (Rodentia)

2014

The evolution of mammalian dentition is defined by profound morphological modifications as occlusion and heterodonty. Among rodents, characterized by a reduced dental formula, arvicolines have a highly derived dentition, with prismatic and hypsodont molars. The aim of this Ph.D thesis is to explore various morphological innovations through developmental and adaptive aspects. Geometric morphometric methods were used on molars, incisors and mandibles to investigate the dynamics of development and evolution of dentition. A developmental model predicting molar proportions is tested and confirmed for the rodent order; it could be also extended to the premolar. The relationship between dental mor…

Place de l'électrophysiologie dans la recherche ophtalmologique chez l'animal

2011

Mise en évidence de transporteurs de la résistance pléiotropique dans la muqueuse olfactive et leur implication dans la réponse aux odorants chez les…

2011

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a property of various cells associated with the capacity to reject or efflux a wide range of potentially harmful substances out of the cell. Pumps that effect such efflux are membrane proteins and belong to the ATP- binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. Among the members of the ABC family two are conferring MDR, P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1). In this study we investigated the functional activity of MDR transporters in olfactory mucosa of two species, rat and mouse. We used the fluorometric calcein-AM uptake assay on olfactory mucosal slices incubated with specific inhibitors of the MDR-transporters, verapamil and cycl…

New insight into the colonization processes of common voles: inferences from molecular and fossil evidence.

2008

Biologie et Gestion des Populations, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier/Lez, FranceElucidating the colonization processes associated with Quaternary climatic cycles is important in order to understand the distribution of biodiversity and the evolutionary potential of temperate plant and animal species. In Europe, general evolutionary scenarios have been defined from genetic evidence. Recently, these scenarios have been challenged with genetic as well as fossil data. The origins of the modern distributions of most temperate plant and animal species could predate the Last Glacial Maximum. The glacial survival of such populations may have occurred in either southern (Mediterranea…

Reappraisal of ‘chronospecies' and the use of Arvicola (Rodentia, Mammalia) for biochronology.

2008

13 pages; International audience; The water vole, genus Arvicola, is characterised by a broad geographic distribution throughout Europe and is widespread during the late Middle and Upper Pleistocene. This genus is used as a major biostratigraphic tool within the Quaternary. Specific determinations using the Schmelzband-Differenzierung-Quotient or SDQ have identified many chronospecies within the fossil species Arvicola cantiana (Hinton, 1910). As SDQ calculation remains limited, this study reappraises the Arvicola genus in terms of morphodiversity and morphospace using outline analysis which takes into account the tooth as a whole. Outline analysis suggests that one single species of Arvico…