Search results for "roots"

APPROACHES TO STUDY BIODIVERSITY AND SALINITY TOLERANCE MECHANISMS IN MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT TREE SPECIES

Changes in global climate are going to increase the problem of drought and soil salinity in the Mediterranean area, where increases in temperature, drought and soil and water salinity are expected. Identification of plant genotypes with positive agronomic traits, such as salt tolerance, may reduce the effects of salinity and drought on productivity. Therefore, there is considerable effort being directed toward the development of salt-tolerant genotypes through plant breeding, with the aim to the introgression of salt-tolerance traits into new cultivars. The results presented in this thesis contributed to the develop of new tools to improve knowledge on the biodiversity and salinity toleranc…

The effects of benzyladenine and meta-Topolin on in vitro sprouting and regrowth after encapsulation of C35 citrange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × Pon…

2016

C35, a hybrid of ‘Ruby Blood’ sweet orange and trifoliate orange, is a promising Citrus rootstock, mainly due to its resistance to Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV), one of the most serious pathology affecting citriculture. The use of resistant rootstocks, such as citranges, is an efficient tool to fight this plant disease. This implies a continuous increasing demand of resistant rootstocks, in order to carry out the turnover of sour orange, still the most used Citrus rootstock in Italy. Micropropagation, can provide innovative solutions to obtain, in a short time and in a small space, a number of plants higher than traditional propagation. Micropropagation efficiency is also affected by the cult…

Video of Current Rootstock Use and Rootstocks Needs for the future: SOUTHERN ITALY, SICILY AND ARID MEDITERRANEAN AREAS

2013

Grapevine rootstocks have been an essential component of grape growing for over 150 years as rootstocks can impart desirable characteristics for grapevine growth. This review examined Italian and Sicilian literature on rootstocks, focusing on key issues including updates on needs for the future. Other related issues include the performance of major selection traits associated with salinity, drought, potassium uptake, vegetative growth, grape and wine quality and the propagation of grafted vines. Research on rootstocks started in Italy, and of course in other European Countries, once phylloxera was imported. In Italy, phylloxera was detected in Agrate (north Italy) in August 1879, but it may…

The Italian Almond Industry: New Perspectives and Ancient Tradition

2014

The almond industry in Italy presents a high degree of structural variability that is determined by the jeopardized coexistence of old, traditional orchards and new plantations that differ each other not only in terms of age but also mainly in terms of orchard system. Apulia and Sicily still remain the most important production areas where the 90% of the almond orchards are concentrated. In this southern part of Italy, almond and its derivatives still remain really important. In the last two decades, the Italian almond industry did not show a regular trend, neither with respect to production nor to acreage. An innovative almond industry revealed its consistency year after year since 2000: s…

EVALUATION OF SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF SICILIAN AND INTERNATIONAL LOQUAT CULTIVARS

2015

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica, Lindl) is commonly grafted on seedling rootstocks in Sicilian orchards. Seedling production is characterized by low germination percentage and velocity and slow plant growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate loquat seed germination of Sicilian and international cultivars. Seeds from 11 cultivars (Algerie, Bianco Dolce, BRT20, Claudia, Fiore, Golden Nugget, La Mantia, Magdal, Mercenò, Peluche, Tanaka) were collected from mature fruits in commercial orchards. Part of the seeds received a pretreatment with 1% HCl for 24 h. Germination data were collected at 30 days from sowing. Ninety days after germination, plants were transplanted into 2-L pots. The Sicilian…

Rootstock Effect on Stem Water Potential Gradients in cv. 'Armking' Nectarine Trees

2004

The effects of rootstock vigour on scion xylem hydraulic conductivity were studied on potted trees of cv. ‘Armking’ nectarine grafted onto GF677 (vigorous) and MrS 2/5 (low-vigour) rootstocks. Water potential gradients of non-transpiring leaves were measured at three levels of the stem starting at 10 cm above the graft-point. Transpiration rates were estimated by weighing. Two sets of measurements were taken on the same trees, at two different transpiration-rate levels obtained by imposing a different level of evaporative demand. Measurements were taken after allowing transpiration to reach a steady-state (20 minutes after any environmental perturbation). Trees grafted onto the low-vigour r…

Relationship between canopy architecture and fruit quality on 'Rich May' peach grafted onto 'Penta' and 'GF677' rootstocks

2006

Observations on crop efficiency and fruit quality of peach trees of ‘Rich May’ grafted onto ‘GF677’ (peach x almond) and ‘Penta’ (Prunus domestica L.) rootstocks are reported. Results were related to canopy architecture parameters, particularly to scaffold branches, shoot and leaf blade inclination angles, to the pattern of light distribution, and to the area of sunflecks projected at midday on the ground. Trees grafted onto ‘GF677’ were more vigorous, in terms of trunk cross-sectional area, summer pruning weight and leaf area. Within canopy light distribution profiles were in agreement with foliage density, with a higher light interception observed in trees grafted on ‘GF677’. Within canop…

Propagation techniques and nursery management for the production of certified peach plants in Europe

2022

The propagation of fruit trees, particularly peaches, nectarines and canning clingstone, has reached highly specialized levels since the 1960s. Over the years, the classic seed rootstocks have been replaced by numerous rootstocks produced in vitro, expanding the range of technical solutions for the different soil and climatic growing conditions of several areas. Thanks to the new genotypes from international breeding programs, it was thus possible to renew the cultivated varietal platform several times. Propagation techniques have also undergone an evolution, adopting solutions aimed at shortening nurseries’ production cycles by using June budding or micrografting. Finally, there are differ…

DETERMINATION OF YLOID IN SOIL AND GRAPEVINE SYSTEM (VITIS VINIFERA L.) BY ICP-MS TECHNIQUE: A HOPEFUL PROXY FOR THE GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF…

2013

The rising importance given from legislators and consumers to provenance of food purchased and/or eaten, in last years motivated several researches to identification of the geographical origin of food. The knowledge of a chemistry relationship between the soil and the agricultural products is an important tool for the quality assessment of food. YLOID (Y, La and Lanthanides) have recognized as very useful tracers because of their generally coherent and predictable behavior. This behavior can also be applied to explain the mechanisms of element intake by plants. Current knowledge suggests no preferential sorption of any element in overall root samples as well as in epigeal samples of several…

CURRENT ROOTSTOCK USE AND ROOTSTOCK NEEDS FOR THE FUTURE: SOUTHERN ITALY, SICILY AND ARID MEDITERRANEAN AREAS

2013

Grapevine rootstocks have been an essential component of grape growing for over 150 years as rootstocks can impart desirable characteristics for grapevine growth. This review examined Italian and Sicilian literature on rootstocks, focusing on key issues including updates on needs for the future. Other related issues include the performance of major selection traits associated with salinity, drought, potassium uptake, vegetative growth, grape and wine quality and the propagation of grafted vines. Research on rootstocks started in Italy, and of course in other European Countries, once phylloxera was imported. In Italy, phylloxera was detected in Agrate (north Italy) in August 1879, but it may…