Search results for "rules"

Unification in first-order transitive modal logic

2019

We introduce unification in first-order transitive modal logics, i.e. logics extending Q–K4, and apply it to solve some problems such as admissibility of rules. Unifiable formulas in some extensions of Q–K4 are characterized and an explicit basis for the passive rules (those with non-unifiable premises) is provided. Both unifiability and passive rules depend on the number of logical constants in the logic; we focus on extensions of Q–K4 with at most four constants ⊤,⊥,□⊥,◊⊤⁠. Projective formulas, defined in a way similar to propositional logic, are used to solve some questions concerning the disjunction and existence properties. A partial characterization of first-order modal logics with pr…

Experimental verification of position-dependent angular-momentum selection rules for absorption of twisted light by a bound electron

2018

We analyze the multipole excitation of atoms with twisted light, i.e., by a vortex light field that carries orbital angular momentum. A single trapped $^{40}$Ca$^+$ ion serves as a localized and positioned probe of the exciting field. We drive the $S_{1/2} \to D_{5/2}$ transition and observe the relative strengths of different transitions, depending on the ion's transversal position with respect to the center of the vortex light field. On the other hand, transition amplitudes are calculated for a twisted light field in form of a Bessel beam, a Bessel-Gauss and a Gauss-Laguerre mode. Analyzing experimental obtained transition amplitudes we find agreement with the theoretical predictions at a…

INTRODUZIONE AL D.LGS. 19 GENNAIO 2017, N. 3, DI ATTUAZIONE DELLA DIR. 2014/104/UE SUL RISARCIMENTO DEI DANNI PER VIOLAZIONE DELLA NORMATIVA ANTITRUST

2018

Con l’emanazione del d.lgs. 19 gennaio 2017, n. 3 e` stata data attuazione alla direttiva 2014/104/UE del Parlamento e del Consiglio del 26 novembre 2014, relativa a determinate norme che regolano le azioni per il risarcimento del danno ai sensi del diritto nazionale per violazioni delle disposizioni del diritto della concorrenza degli Stati membri e dell’Unione europea. Lo scritto, nell'introdurre una serie di commenti alla neo-introdotta normativa, esamina il percorso evolutivo che ha condotto all'emanazione della direttiva, le scelte con essa operate e le modalità di recepimento nell'ordinamento italiano. With the issuance of Legislative Decree January 19, 2017, no. 3 was implemented the…

3D Matrix-Based Visualization System of Association Rules

2017

With the growing number of mining datasets, it becomes increasingly difficult to explore interesting rules because of the large number of resultant and its nature complexity. Studies on human perception and intuition show that graphical representation could be a better illustration of how to seek information from the data using the capabilities of human visual system. In this work, we present and implement a 3D matrix-based approach visualization system of association rules. The main visual representation applies the extended matrix-based approach with rule-to-items mapping to general transaction data set. A novel method merging rules and assigning weight is proposed in order to reduce the …

Lifetime egg production of captive libellulids (Odonata)

2015

The estimation of lifetime egg production (LEP) is a central question in ecology, since the number of eggs produced determines the potential size of the following generation. In this study, I tried to obtain a rough estimation of the LEPs in libellulids in outdoor cages. The main questions were: (1) does hand feeding influence females’ life history traits; (2) how long is the maturation period and the lifespan; (3) does the quality/quantity of eggs vary with female age or size; and (4) how many eggs do females lay in their lifetime? I installed two outdoor cages and kept individually marked specimens of Orthetrum coerulescens and Sympetrum striolatum under semi-natural circumstances. Orthet…

Study ofJ/ψ→pp¯andJ/ψ→nn¯

2012

The decays J/psi -> p (p) over bar and J/psi -> n (n) over bar have been investigated with a sample of 225.2 x 10(6) J/psi events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII e(+)e(-) collider. The branching fractions are determined to be B(J/psi -> p (p) over bar) = (2.112 +/- 0.004 +/- 0.031 x 10(-3) and B(J/psi -> n (n) over bar) =(2.07 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.17) x 10(-3). Distributions of the angle theta between the proton or antineutron and the beam direction are well described by the form 1 + alpha cos(2)theta, and we find alpha = 0.595 +/- 0.012 +/- 0.015 for J/psi -> p (p) over bar and alpha = 0.50 +/- 0.04 +/- 0.21 for J/psi -> n (n) over bar. Our branching- fraction results suggest a …

Extropy: Complementary Dual of Entropy

2015

This article provides a completion to theories of information based on entropy, resolving a longstanding question in its axiomatization as proposed by Shannon and pursued by Jaynes. We show that Shannon's entropy function has a complementary dual function which we call "extropy." The entropy and the extropy of a binary distribution are identical. However, the measure bifurcates into a pair of distinct measures for any quantity that is not merely an event indicator. As with entropy, the maximum extropy distribution is also the uniform distribution, and both measures are invariant with respect to permutations of their mass functions. However, they behave quite differently in their assessments…

Calendar Anomalies in Stock Index Futures

2011

There exist a large and increasing number of papers that describe different calendar anomalies in stock markets. Although empirical evidence suggests that seasonal effects disappeared after the early 1990s, new studies and approaches assert the continuation of some anomalies in stock indexes. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of 188 possible cyclical anomalies in S&P 500, DAX and Nikkei stock index futures contracts from 1991 to 2008. Frictions in futures markets, unlike spot markets frictions, make it feasible to produce economically significant profits from trading rules based on calendar effects. By applying a percentile-t-bootstrap and Monte Carlo methods, our analysis rev…

Quo vadis? : pięćdziesiąt lat kodeksu cywilnego

2015

More Support for More-Support

2009

This book provides the most comprehensive account so far of novel and hitherto unexplained factors operative in the choice between synthetic ( prouder ) and analytic ( more proud ) comparatives. It argues that the underlying motivation in using the analytic variant is to mitigate processing demands – a compensatory strategy referred to as more -support. The analytic variant is claimed to be better suited to environments of increased processing complexity – presumably owing to its ability to facilitate early phrase structure recognition, the more transparent one-to-one relation between form and function and possibly because the degree marker more can serve as a structural signal foreshadowin…