Search results for "runo"

Recensione a Byzantino-Sicula III, Miscellanea di scritti in memoria di Bruno Lavagnini, Quaderni dell’Istituto Siciliano di Studi bizantini e neoell…

2000

Recensione a Byzantino-Sicula III, Miscellanea di scritti in memoria di Bruno Lavagnini,

Assessing hydrological connectivity inside a soil by fast-field-cycling nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry and its link to sediment delivery proc…

2017

Connectivity is a general concept used to represent the processes involving a transfer of matter among the elements of an environmental system. The expression “hydrological connectivity inside the soil” has been used here to indicate how spatial patterns inside the soil (i.e., the structural connectivity) interact with physical and chemical processes (i.e., the functional connectivity) in order to determine the subsurface flow (i.e., the water transfer), thereby explaining how sediment transport due to surface runoff (i.e., the soil particle transfer) can be affected. This paper explores the hydrological connectivity inside the soil (HCS) and its link to sediment delivery processes at the p…

Measuring hydrological connectivity inside soils with different texture by fast field cycling nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry

2022

Abstract The locution “hydrological connectivity inside the soil” is generally used to disclose how the spatial patterns inside the soil affect the physical–chemical processes at a molecular level to influence water transfer into the soil, the surface runoff and related sediment transport. Fast Field Cycling (FFC) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry has been used to measure both structural and functional connectivity by two indexes indicated as structural (SCI) and functional (FCI) connectivity index. Here, FFC-NMR relaxometry has been applied to analyze three samples: two non-degraded soils, having different grain-size distribution, and a degraded soil sampled in a badland area. P…

Urban Stormwater Management, A Tool for Adapting to Climate Change: From Risk to Resource

2020

The effects of climate change on rainfall in the Mediterranean region are manifested in an overall decreasing trend, and greater irregularity in annual volumes and the city of Alicante is no exception. In addition, there has also been a spread of the urbanised area, which has led to an increase in the flood risk in urban areas (due to a greater runoff and the occupation of flood hazard areas) and drought events due to an increase in the water demand. In light of these new scenarios, the Mediterranean cities should design adaptation systems based on rainwater harvesting within the framework of a circular economy. This study analyses the integration of rainwater in flood and water demand mana…

Soil and water losses from new citrus orchards growing on sloped soils in the western Mediterranean basin

2009

Ten representative research sites were selected in eastern Spain to assess soil erosion rates and processes in new citrus orchards on sloping soils. The experimental plots were located at representatives sites on limestone, in areas with 498 to 715 mm year−1 mean annual rainfall, north-facing slopes, herbicide treated, and new (less than 3 years old) plantations. Ten rainfall simulation experiments (1 h at 55 mm h−1 on 0·25 m2 plots) were carried out at each of the 10 selected study sites to determine the interill soil erosion and runoff rates. The 100 rainfall simulation tests (10 × 10 m) showed that ponding and runoff occurred in all the plots, and quickly: 121 and 195 s, respectively, fo…

Estimating soil loss of given return period by USLE-M-type models

2020

Many field investigations have clearly shown that rare and severe events control total soil erosion occurring over a long time period with up to 92% of total soil erosion over a 7‐year period resulting from just three daily events. Therefore, soil conservation strategies should be developed taking into account large events rather than long‐term average erosion. From an engineering point of view, establishing the soil loss of a given return period is needed. This can be obtained by the frequency analysis of soil loss measurements or by suitable soil erosion models. The USLE‐M modified and USLE‐M based are two empirical Universal Soil Loss Equation‐Modified (USLE‐M) type models which were dev…

Más allá de los oficios financieros y de justicia: patrimonialización y venalidad en la inquisición portuguesa (1536-1821)

2021

A Comprehensive Check of Usle-Based Soil Loss Prediction Models at the Sparacia (South Italy) Site

2020

At first, in this paper a general definition of the event rainfall-runoff erosivity factor for the USLE-based models, REFe = (QR)b1(EI30)b2, in which QR is the event runoff coefficient, EI30 is the single-storm erosion index and b1 and b2 are coefficients, was introduced. The rainfall-runoff erosivity factors of the USLE (b1 = 0, b2 = 1), USLE-M (b1 = b2 = 1), USLE-MB (b1 ≠ 1, b2 = 1), USLE-MR (b1 = 1, b2 ≠ 1), USLE-MM (b1 = b2 ≠ 1) and USLE-M2 (b1 ≠ b2 ≠ 1) can be defined using REFe. Then, the different expressions of REFe were simultaneously tested against a dataset of normalized bare plot soil losses, AeN, collected at the Sparacia (south Italy) site. As expected, the poorest AeN predict…

Comparing Beerkan infiltration tests with rainfall simulation experiments for hydraulic characterization of a sandy-loam soil

2017

[EN] Saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, K-s, data collected by ponding infiltrometer methods and usual experimental procedures could be unusable for interpreting field hydrological processes and particularly rainfall infiltration. The K-s values determined by an infiltrometer experiment carried out by applying water at a relatively large distance from the soil surface could however be more appropriate to explain surface runoff generation phenomena during intense rainfall events. In this study, a link between rainfall simulation and ponding infiltrometer experiments was established for a sandy-loam soil. The height of water pouring for the infiltrometer run was chosen, establishing a sim…

Evidence de l'adaptation des communautés microbiennes sédimentaires de rivière à la minéralisation du diuron: influence du ruissellement et de l'éros…

2010

International audience; Purpose Surface runoff and erosion are major drivers of pesticide transport from soils to rivers draining vineyard watersheds. A recent study showed that applications of diuron on vineyards and diuron dispersal could lead to microbial adaptation to diuron biodegradation from treated soils to the receiving hydrosystem. Given the limited knowledge on microbial adaptation to pesticide degradation in aquatic environments, we conducted a microcosm study designed to assess the impact of runoff and erosion processes on the adaptation of riverine-sediment microbial communities to diuron mineralization. Materials and methods The experimental laboratory set-up consisted in aqu…