Search results for "rural"

Lower bounds and heuristics for the Windy Rural Postman Problem

2020

[EN] In this paper we present several heuristic algorithms and a cutting-plane algorithm for the Windy Rural Postman Problem. This problem contains several important Arc Routing Problems as special cases and has very interesting real-life applications. Extensive computational experiments over different sets of instances are also presented.

An ILS-Based Metaheuristic for the Stacker Crane Problem

2012

[EN] In this paper we propose a metaheuristic algorithm for the Stacker Crane Problem. This is an NP-hard arc routing problem whose name derives from the practical problem of operating a crane. Here we present a formulation and a lower bound for this problem and propose a metaheuristic algorithm based on the combination of a Multi-start and an Iterated Local Search procedures. Computational results on a large set of instances are presented.

New Results on the Mixed General Routing Problem

2005

[EN] In this paper, we deal with the polyhedral description and the resolution of the Mixed General Routing Problem. This problem, in which the service activity occurs both at some of the nodes and at some of the arcs and edges of a mixed graph, contains a large number of important arc and node routing problems as special cases. Here, a large family of facet-defining inequalities, the Honeycomb inequalities, is described. Furthermore, a cutting-plane algorithm for this problem that incorporates new separation procedures for the K-C, Regular Path-Bridge, and Honeycomb inequalities is presented. Branch and bound is invoked when the final solution of the cutting-plane procedure is fractional. …

Distances, espaces et représentations (une revue)

1990

L'objet de cet article est de donner un aperçu de la manière dont la littérature traite ce rapport entre la forme de la distance et les propriétés de l'espace. Il existe un grand nombre de travaux dans ce domaine et, malgré le volume de ce texte, nous ne pouvons en rendre compte complètement. La section 1 présente les formes de distances les plus connues et montre les déformations qu'elles impliquent par rapport à l'espace réel, observé, ainsi que par rapport à sa représentation la plus commune: l'espace euclidien muni d'une distance euclidienne. La section 2 porte le débat au niveau des modèles de l'économie spatiale. Il y a plusieurs façons de modéliser une même réalité: la représentation…

En la transición de LEADER

2000

Durante los últimos años, la Iniciativa Comunitaria LEADER ha ido levantando expectativas entre los pobladores rurales, pero también ha dado lugar a algunas decepciones. En estos momentos en los que está en fase de finalización LEADER II, y la Comisión ha pretendido dar un giro con la nueva Iniciativa LEADER+, parece adecuado reflexionar sobre algunos aspectos críticos en torno a la experiencia de los últimos años y ver qué enseñanzas pueden extraerse de cara al futuro.

LEADER +, la consolidación de un modelo de desarrollo participativo. Intercambio, innovación, cooperación

2000

El pasado 14 de Abril la Comisión adoptó las orientaciones para la Iniciativa de Desarrollo Rural LEADER+ (D.O.C.E del 18 de mayo de 2000). La nueva iniciativa tiene como objetivo conseguir que los agentes del mundo rural sean capaces de actuar pensando en el largo plazo, desarrollando actuaciones de desarrollo sostenible, especialmente dirigidas a la valorización del patrimonio natural y cultural, la creación de empleo y la mejora de la capacidad organizativa de las comunidades locales.

2020

Background: Despite increased enrolments at primary schools in Zambia, more than half of the children in Grades 1–4 are unable to meet the required minimum standards for literacy. Aim: The study set out to examine the effects of using a phone-based mobile literacy game (Graphogame) to improve literacy skills in children and adults in rural family settings. Setting: The study was conducted in the Katete District, a rural town in the eastern province of Zambia. Methods: Participants were 73 Grade 2 learners (52% boys, mean age 9 years and 48% girls, mean age 10 years) and 37 parents (mean age 36 years). Three literacy tests, measuring letter-sound identification, phonological awareness, spell…

Sustainability and multifunctionality in Mediterranean cropping systems: the role of medicinal and aromatic plants

2010

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, shortly termed MAPs, are a huge category of plant species, which have in common their aptitude to supply substances, respectively medicines and flavours, that are or may be used by people for a large number of uses, having a various level of complexity: from plants which are used by man “as they are” or after a minimum transformation, addressed to human food (the spices), or herbal self-therapy (the traditional medicinal plants), it is possible to drop to species employed by highly sophisticated industrial sectors such as perfume or cosmetic industries, passing through almost all intermediate ways and complexities. Many of these plants find the best growing co…

Amel-sur-l'Etang (Meuse) : a rural-type town on the outskirts of a large sanctuary

2022

Intensità degli scambi agroalimentari tra i Paesi del bacino del Mediterraneo

2013

The Mediterranean has always been an area of strategic interest for the European Union (eu), which, since its establishment, has woven a compact network of relationships with its trading partners in the South and East of the Mediterranean, signing cooperation and then associative agreements with them. This study aims to present a view of how the agro-food trade network has evolved between the eu’s Mediterranean partner countries and their neighbors in North Africa and the Near East. To measure the extent of this trade specific indicators are used which are also widely used in economic literature, albeit to analyze trade in sectors unconnected to agro-food. In particular, analyses carried ou…