Search results for "sää"
showing 10 items of 512 documents
Pre- and Postnatal Predator Cues Shape Offspring Anti-predatory Behavior Similarly in the Bank Vole
2021
Prey animals can assess the risks predators present in different ways. For example, direct cues produced by predators can be used, but also signals produced by prey conspecifics that have engaged in non-lethal predator-prey interactions. These non-lethal interactions can thereby affect the physiology, behavior, and survival of prey individuals, and may affect offspring performance through maternal effects. We investigated how timing of exposure to predation-related cues during early development affects offspring behavior after weaning. Females in the laboratory were exposed during pregnancy or lactation to one of three odor treatments: (1) predator odor (PO) originating from their most comm…
Exposure to Chemical Cues from Predator-Exposed Conspecifics Increases Reproduction in a Wild Rodent
2018
Abstract Predation involves more than just predators consuming prey. Indirect effects, such as fear responses caused by predator presence, can have consequences for prey life history. Laboratory experiments have shown that some rodents can recognize fear in conspecifics via alarm pheromones. Individuals exposed to alarm pheromones can exhibit behavioural alterations that are similar to those displayed by predator-exposed individuals. Yet the ecological and evolutionary significance of alarm pheromones in wild mammals remains unclear. We investigated how alarm pheromones affect the behaviour and fitness of wild bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in outdoor enclosures. Specifically, we compared th…
Rehabilitation of two northern river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) populations impacted by various anthropogenic pressures : lessons learnt in the p…
2019
The pioneering work done during the past three decades in the regulated Rivers Perhonjoki and Kalajoki, Finland, to study and rehabilitate river lamprey populations is presented. The effects of various anthropogenic activities and rehabilitation measures are evaluated based on habitat surveys and long-term monitoring of larval densities, numbers of adults migrating upstream and of transformers migrating downstream. Telemetric tracking and tagging experiments were used to determine the efficacy of fishways. Lamprey populations in both rivers decreased in the 1980s and 1990s. This was linked to obstructed upstream migration of adults and deterioration of habitats for different life stages due…
Overwintering strategies of a boreal small mammal in a changing climate
2015
Fyysisen kunnon ja kehonkoostumuksen yhteydet kehon syvälämpöön palomiehen työnomaisessa suorituksessa
2018
Fyysisesti raskainta palomiehen työtehtävistä on savusukellus- ja raivaustehtävä. Se aiheuttaa suuret vaatimukset hengitys- ja verenkiertoelimistölle ja kuormittuneisuus voi yltää lähelle maksimaalista hapenkulutusta (VO2max). Lisäksi joudutaan kantamaan ja käsittelemään raskaita taakkoja, jolloin lihaksisto ja muut liikuntaelimet joutuvat kovaan rasitukseen. Käytettävä monikerrosvaatetus ja muut suojavarusteet suojaavat ulkoiselta kuumuudelta, mutta voi aiheuttaa ylikuormitusta kehon syvälämmön noustessa. Syvälämmön voimakkaasta noususta voi seurata lämpöuupumus tai jopa lämpöhalvaus. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli saada selville korreloiko kehon syvälämpö kuntotekijöiden ja kehonkoostumuks…
New insights on the role of ecology and life-history in social evolution
2017
Biological altruism, defined as a behaviour that benefits others at an apparent cost to the focal individual, is found abundantly across different levels of biological organization. While kin selection has been useful for explaining both cooperation and conflict in specialized cooperative societies, more theoretical work has to be done to develop models for realistic ecological and life-history contexts. This thesis aims to fill this gap by providing several new insights on the role of ecology and life-history in various social systems. Firstly, I propose a model that incorporates realistic ecological mechanisms of population regulation and study how different population regulation mechanisms affe…
Changes in gene expression linked with adult reproductive diapause in a northern malt fly species: a candidate gene microarray study
2010
Background: Insect diapause is an important biological process which involves many life-history parameters important for survival and reproductive fitness at both individual and population level. Drosophila montana, a species of D. virilis group, has a profound photoperiodic reproductive diapause that enables the adult flies to survive through the harsh winter conditions of high latitudes and altitudes. We created a custom-made microarray for D. montana with 101 genes known to affect traits important in diapause, photoperiodism, reproductive behaviour, circadian clock and stress tolerance in model Drosophila species. This array gave us a chance to filter out genes showing expression changes…
De novo RNA sequencing enables transcriptome studies in non-model species : gene expression patterns involved in Drosophila montana reproductive diap…
2014
Monet pohjoiset hyönteiset selviävät talvesta lisääntymislepokaudessa, joka on geneettisesti määräytyvä ja hormonaalisesti ohjattu fysiologinen lepotila. Lisääntymislepokautta on pääosin tutkittu ekologisesta ja fysiologisesta näkökulmasta, mutta sen geneettisestä taustasta tiedetään vähemmän. Geneettisen tiedon puuttumiseen ovat vaikuttaneet sopivan tutkimuslajin ja menetelmien puute, sekä toisaalta lisääntymislepokauden varsin monimutkainen luonne. Nykyaikaiset sekvensointi-menetelmät mahdollistavat varsin laajat geneettiset tutkimukset lajeilla, joiden genomia ei ole vielä sekvensoitu, mutta joiden ekologiasta on paljon tutkimustietoa. Esimerkkinä kyseisenlaisesta tutkimuslajista lisäänt…
Evidence of a causal effect of genetic tendency to gain muscle mass on uterine leiomyomata
2023
Uterine leiomyomata (UL) are the most common tumours of the female genital tract and the primary cause of surgical removal of the uterus. Genetic factors contribute to UL susceptibility. To add understanding to the heritable genetic risk factors, we conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of UL in up to 426,558 European women from FinnGen and a previous UL meta-GWAS. In addition to the 50 known UL loci, we identify 22 loci that have not been associated with UL in prior studies. UL-associated loci harbour genes enriched for development, growth, and cellular senescence. Of particular interest are the smooth muscle cell differentiation and proliferation-regulating genes functioning on t…