Search results for "salt"

Observational Results On The Influence Of Surface Layer Stability And Inversion Entrainment On Surface Layer Marine Aerosol Number Density (1 Microme…

1983

Wind speed and relative humidity have been the physical variables used in empirical expressions for equilibrium marine aerosol distributions. Recent formulations, which include the role of hydrostatic stability because it influences turbulent transport and entrainment of clear air from aloft, are examined on the basis of 1 um radius aerosol number density values. The aerosol data were collected along with a quite complete meteorological data set in the Northeast Atlantic during the international Joint Air Sea Interaction Experiment (JASIN-78). The 1 um number density values are normalized for generation and relative humidity influences, and analyses are performed to gain reasonable assuranc…

Molecular insights into shellac film coats from different aqueous shellac salt solutions and effect on disintegration of enteric-coated soft gelatin …

2014

The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of using different salts of shellac on the disintegration properties of shellac-based enteric coatings. In the last two decades, shellac has been increasingly used as an aqueous solution for enteric coating purposes, with the ammonium salt being the form typically used. Little investigation has been performed on using other salts, and therefore, this was the focus of our work. Enteric coatings, based on different shellac salts (ammonium, sodium, potassium and composite ammonium-sodium), were applied onto soft gelatin capsules. Disintegration testing of the coated soft gelatin capsules showed that alkali metal salts promote faster dis…

New opportunities and perspectives of high pressure treatment to improve health and safety attributes of foods. A review

2015

Abstract High pressure (HP) treatment has emerged as a novel, additive-free food preservation technology. It has been scientifically and commercially proven that HP can produce microbially safe and stable products with improved quality characteristics such as enhanced flavor and color. Recent studies have focused on the effects of HP on health attributes and allergenic potential of foodstuff to develop the next generation of convenience foods. This review provides an overview on the current knowledge of HP treatment to improve the extraction and bioavailability of bioactive compounds, to reduce allergenicity, to retain essential fatty acids, to reduce the salt content, and to reduce formati…

The Effect of the Side Chain on Gelation Properties of Bile Acid Alkyl Amides

2021

Abstract Six bile acid alkyl amide derivatives were studied with respect to their gelation properties. The derivatives were composed of three different bile acids with hexyl or cyclohexyl side chains. The gelation behaviour of all six compounds were studied for 36 solvents with varying polarities. Gelation was observed mainly in aromatic solvents, which is characteristic for bile‐acid‐based low molecular weight gelators. Out of 108 bile acid‐solvent combinations, a total of 44 gel systems were formed, 28 of which from lithocholic acid derivatives, only two from deoxycholic acid derivatives, and 14 from cholic acid derivatives. The majority of the gel systems were formed from bile acids with…

2020

Although volcanic eruptions represent short periods in the whole history of a volcano, the large amount of loose pyroclastic material produced, combined with aeolian processes, can lead to continuous, long-lasting reworking of volcanic products. Driven by wind, these processes significantly influence the geomorphology and prolong the impacts of eruptions on exposed communities and ecosystems. Since such phenomena are of interest to scientists from a range of disciplines (e.g. volcanology, atmospheric and soil sciences), a well-defined, common nomenclature is necessary to optimize the multidisciplinary characterisation of both processes and deposits. We, therefore, first describe ash wind-re…

Allium aetnense (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from Sicily.

2013

A new species from Mt Etna (Sicily), Allium aetenense of A. sect. Codonoprasum, is described and illustrated. It is a diploid species (2n = 16) that grows on basaltic rocks in the mountain belt and shows close relationships with A. tenuiflorum of the Italian peninsula. Its morphology, karyology, leaf anatomy, seed coat microsculpturing, ecology and taxonomic position are examined.

Geophysical investigations in the Flumendosa River Delta, Sardinia (Italy) — Seismic reflection imaging

2006

A geophysical investigation that included seismic-reflection surveying and time-domain electromagnetics (EM) was carried out in the Flumendosa River Delta plain in southeastern Sardinia, Italy. The objective was to improve knowledge of geologic and hydrogeologic controls on a highly productive aquifer hosted in thick Quaternary deposits and known to be affected by an extensive saltwater intrusion. The seismic reflection survey, whose results are reported here, aimed to image the Paleozoic bedrock topography and to obtain detailed structural and stratigraphic information on the sequence of largely fluvial sediments extending from the surface down to bedrock. The survey consisted of two inli…

Xenoliths from the sub-volcanic lithosphere of Mt Taranaki, New Zealand

2010

Abstract Mount Taranaki is located 140 km west of the Taupo Volcanic Zone and represents the most westerly expression of subduction-related volcanism on the North Island of New Zealand. Taranaki is a predominantly high-K arc volcano but compositions range from basaltic andesite to andesite with minor dacite and basalt. The sub-volcanic basement under Taranaki is thought to comprise calc–alkaline plutonic and metamorphic rocks of the Median Batholith, overlain by a sequence of Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments. Taranaki lavas contain abundant xenoliths that represent samples of the upper to lower crust beneath the volcano. The xenolith suite has been initially organised into six groups based…

A new autumn-flowering species of Allium (Alliaceae) from Croatia

2009

Here we describe Allium telmatum Bogdanovic, Brullo, Giusso & Salmeri, a new species of Allium sect. Codonoprasum from North Dalmatia (Croatia). Its chromosome number (2n = 32), karyotype, leaf anatomy, ecology and taxonomical relationships are examined. Several features, such as phenology (flowering in autumn), occurrence in coastal salt marshes, tetraploid chromosome number, and morphology, indicate that it is most closely related to the Tyrrhenian species Allium savii. On the basis of our herbarium survey, we present here a distribution map of the autumn-flowering species of Allium sect. Codonoprasum in the Mediterranean area.

Tetraploid European Salicornia species are best interpreted as ecotypes of multiple origin

2011

Abstract Salicornia procumbens and S. stricta are two tetraploid European salt marsh species of locally adjacent but ecologically differentiated distribution. Whereas S. procumbens grows in the lowest part of the salt marsh, it is replaced by S. stricta in the middle part (and diploid Salicornias in the upper part). Using AFLPs and a reciprocal transplantation experiment, we investigated whether the two species represent distinct evolutionary lineages. The analysis of AFLP variation clearly showed that both species are not monophyletic. Also, accessions do not cluster according to geographical origin. The transplantation experiment revealed that S. procumbens shows significantly reduced fit…