Search results for "sampling"

The socio-economic and communication challenges of spent nuclear fuel management in Finland

2010

Abstract One of the key factors behind the expansion of nuclear energy policy in Finland is nuclear waste management. As in many countries, nuclear waste management agencies are still struggling with the siting of intermediate and low level nuclear waste management facilities, in Finland Posiva, the nuclear waste company owned by the two nuclear power utilities Teollisuuden Voima (TVO) and Fortum Power and Heat (FPH), has been excavating a underground characterization facility since 2004 in the Olkiluoto site in the municipality of Eurajoki. The facility under construction is meant to be for a part of the final repository for disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). The site selection process …

Comparing the Economic Effectiveness of Various Adaptive Schemes for the c Chart

2013

In an attempt to improve the effectiveness of statistical process control (SPC) procedures, a variety of adaptive schemes has been developed in the last decades. However, considering control charts for attributes, relatively few works about adaptive schemes have been proposed, and most of them were proposed only recently. The common characteristic of those schemes is that one or more chart parameters are allowed to adaptively vary during the SPC operations according to the sampling information history, typically the current point plotted on the chart. In this way, the adaptive schemes are smarter than the related static ones, but they are also more complicated in terms of implementation. Th…

Modular Breath Analyzer (MBA): Introduction of a Breath Analyzer Platform Based on an Innovative and Unique, Modular eNose Concept for Breath Diagnos…

2021

Exhaled breath analysis for early disease detection may provide a convenient method for painless and non-invasive diagnosis. In this work, a novel, compact and easy-to-use breath analyzer platform with a modular sensing chamber and direct breath sampling unit is presented. The developed analyzer system comprises a compact, low volume, temperature-controlled sensing chamber in three modules that can host any type of resistive gas sensor arrays. Furthermore, in this study three modular breath analyzers are explicitly tested for reproducibility in a real-life breath analysis experiment with several calibration transfer (CT) techniques using transfer samples from the experiment. The experiment …

Il disegno della ricerca

2008

Il capitolo metodologico illustra i metodi di campionamento utilizzati; gli strumenti di rilevazione dei dati e le tecniche di analisi utilizzati.

Variability of near-surface saturated hydraulic conductivity for the clay soils of a small Sicilian basin

2019

Abstract Proper characterization of saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, of clay soils in a hillslope or a basin is still a challenge for soil science. In this investigation, the clay soils of the Maganoce (Sicily, Italy) basin were sampled at 19 sampling sites by the BEST procedure of soil hydraulic characterization. More OM implied less compact conditions (decreasing dry soil bulk density; coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.67), more stability to water of the soil aggregates (increasing water stable aggregates; R2 = 0.83) and, consequently, higher Ks values (R2 = 0.54). Variability of Ks was lower in the steeper zones of the basin than in the flatter ones. A comparison with the Ks data…

Vibrational spectroscopy in soil and sediment analysis

2014

The literature concerning the use of vibrational spectroscopy for soil and sediment analysis, published in the last years, has been revised in order to provide a picture of the strengths and weaknesses of these direct techniques to characterize soil composition and properties. Many soil components as water, organic matter, like humic substances, and minerals, can be determined together with physicochemical parameters as pH, conductivity or redox potential. The main strategies to obtain sample spectra and to extract, as many as possible, useful information were evaluated, taking into account the progress on chemometrics and discussing the whole analytical process, from sampling to sample pre…

δ18O values of coexisting brachiopods and fish: Temperature differences and estimates of paleo–water depths

1998

To estimate vertical thermal gradients and paleo–water depths to marine platforms we present a new method based on the difference between δ 18 O values of contemporaneous brachiopod carbonate and fish phosphate. Present-day marine fauna of well-known ecology from the surface to the sea floor record isotopic temperatures that agree with measured temperatures. We predict distributions of isotopic data that result from sampling strategy, basin morphology, and fauna ecology and discuss limitations. Application of the method to the Jurassic Paris-London basin gives vertical thermal variations of up to 14 °C associated with depths varying from a few meters to 170 ± 30 m. The estimated depths are …

A complex sampling design: a tourism case study

2009

Geostatistics for Mapping Leaf Area Index over a Cropland Landscape: Efficiency Sampling Assessment

2010

This paper evaluates the performance of spatial methods to estimate leaf area index (LAI) fields from ground-based measurements at high-spatial resolution over a cropland landscape. Three geostatistical model variants of the kriging technique, the ordinary kriging (OK), the collocated cokriging (CKC) and kriging with an external drift (KED) are used. The study focused on the influence of the spatial sampling protocol, auxiliary information, and spatial resolution in the estimates. The main advantage of these models lies in the possibility of considering the spatial dependence of the data and, in the case of the KED and CKC, the auxiliary information for each location used for prediction pur…

Species–area relationships in continuous vegetation: Evidence from Palaearctic grasslands

2019

Aim Species-area relationships (SARs) are fundamental scaling laws in ecology although their shape is still disputed. At larger areas, power laws best represent SARs. Yet, it remains unclear whether SARs follow other shapes at finer spatial grains in continuous vegetation. We asked which function describes SARs best at small grains and explored how sampling methodology or the environment influence SAR shape. Location Palaearctic grasslands and other non-forested habitats. Taxa Vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens. Methods We used the GrassPlot database, containing standardized vegetation-plot data from vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens spanning a wide range of grassland types throu…