Search results for "sanctions"

How to do things with signs. The formulation of directives on signs in public spaces

2021

Abstract This paper analyzes signs and written messages aimed at regulating people's behavior in public spaces. Based on a collection of more than 700 verbal and pictographic signs, the paper focuses on how the formulation of the directives reflect and construct the authors' deontic authority, how they account for the social legitimacy of the directive and how they seek to evoke the addressee's goodwill and cooperativeness. The analysis shows that the author's entitlement to perform the directive may be grounded in references to institutional authority, or that it may be manifested in the linguistic or pictographic expression itself, such as use of imperative mode, exclamation marks, or thr…

From ‘polluter pays’ to ‘polluter does not pollute’

2016

Abstract Non-binding agreements, minor sanctions in the form of payment obligations and shaming have been the usual policy responses against environmental harms. In addition to this, many existing pieces of legislation on international environmental law and governance are based on good intent and voluntary agreement and they have proven to be limited or ineffective. This article argues that, at the current state of the climate crisis, there is no more room for negotiations and proposals which lead to false solutions. Acknowledging that, legal solutions to environmental problems require new formulations which incorporate a different understanding of nature and its non-human inhabitants; this…

Régimen disciplinario en la ley del mercado de valores

2017

[ES] Según la legislación vigente, tendrán la consideración de infracciones, por acción o por omisión, las conductas o comportamientos derivados del incumplimiento de de determinados requisitos, conductas o imposiciones tales como la de reserva de actividad y/o de la obligación de obtener autorizaciones exigidas, entre otras. Más concretamente, el régimen jurídico de las infracciones y sanciones viene recogido en el Título VIII del RD Lg. 4/2015, de 23 de octubre, que aprueba el TR la Ley del Mercado de Valores (en adelante LMV 15), bajo la rúbrica del Régimen de supervisión, inspección y sanción. El presente trabajo tiene como objeto el estudio del sistema que así se configura en materia d…

Unijne organy nadzoru nad rynkiem finansowym w procesie stosowania sankcji administracyjnych

2014

Protectionism through legislative layering: Implications for auditors and investors

2021

AbstractProtectionism is on the rise. Although it tends to be associated with tariffs on imports, governments are increasingly applying other mechanisms to influence international business. Import substitution initiatives have been used to replace purchases from foreign producers with local alternatives. Russia implemented import substitution through legislative layering where layers of regulation created requirements targeting different industries and companies. Following sanctions imposed in 2014 on Russia, the government responded with additional import substitution efforts. We are interested in effects of such measures on the Big 4, global professional service firms, and the choice of a…

The Paradox of Effectiveness: Growth, Institutionalisation and Evaluation of Anti-Mafia Policies in Italy

2004

This contribution focuses on Italian policies that have been envisaged and implemented to combat, prevent or contain mafia-type organised crime.1 After having shown that a proper analysis of anti-mafia policies is strangely lacking (section 2), policies directly addressing the mafia are dealt with, hinting at the norms concerning specific criminal offences, vast investigatory powers and penetrating preventive measures, financial transactions and money laundering, collaborators of justice, the peculiarity of mafia trials, judicial attitudes and sanctions (section 3.1). Section 3.2 presents the wide variety of other policies addressing civil society and public administrations, and only indire…

Job strain in public transport drivers: Data to assess the relationship between demand-control model indicators, traffic accidents and sanctions

2018

This Data in Brief (DiB) article examines the association between the Job Demand-Control (JDC) model of stress and traffic safety outcomes (accidents and sanctions) in public transport drivers (n = 780). The data was collected using a structured self-administrable questionnaire composed of measurements of work stress (Job Content Questionnaire), and demographics (professional driving experience, hours and days working/driving per week). The data contains 4 parts: descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations between the study variables, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post-Hoc comparisons between drivers classified different quadrants of the JDC model. For further information, it is conve…

European Union's Competitiveness and Export Performance in Context of EU – Russia Political and Economic Sanctions

2015

Abstract This paper aims to explore performance of European Union's export in context of competitiveness targets enclosed in Europe 2020 strategy. Authors are addressing recent geo-political events regarding EU-Russia political and economic sanctions. Authors evaluate only economic results from sanctions and do not make an analysis of the nature of political sanctions. Paper gives an overview of the European Union trade performance within last 15 years and makes detailed analysis of the trade structure. Further, authors address European Union – Russia trade and nature of the trade. At the end of the article authors evaluate impact of the sanctions that took effect within a last year.

COMPLIANCE AND THE RECOVERY OF FINANCIAL SERVICES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: NEW CHALLENGES FOR LATVIA’S BANKING SECTOR

2012

Determinants of international banking failures have been widely discussed and summarized. A combination of global and systemic complexity of products that fails down on correct managing of the banking risk systems; consumers who are eager for credits and regulators who are unable to spot the potential global inter-relationships – consequently have led to the failures. As a response to the financial crisis the European Commission has been working actively to complete a comprehensive financial reform to address poor risk management, lack of responsibility and to correct the underlying weaknesses in the supervisory and regulatory framework. The regulatory development is substantially increasin…

Beyond Foreign Policy? EU Sanctions at the Intersection of Development, Trade, and CFSP

2022

In the wake of unsettling conflicts and democratic backsliding, states and organisations increasingly respond with sanctions. The European Union (EU) is one of them: Brussels makes use of the entire toolbox in its foreign policy, and its sanctions appear in different forms—diplomatic measures, travel bans, financial bans, or various forms of economic restrictions. Yet, there is little debate between different strands in the literature on EU sanctions, in particular concerning measures under the Common Foreign and Security Policy and those pertaining to the development and trade policy fields. Our thematic issue addresses this research gap by assembling a collection of articles investigating…