Search results for "saturated fat"

Dietary Fatty Acids in Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases

2011

In the last few decades, the prevalence of overweight and essential obesity has been undergoing a fast and progressive worldwide increase. Obesity has been in turn linked to type II diabetes, with the total number of diabetic patients worryingly increasing, in the last fifteen years, suggesting a pandemic phenomenon. At the same time, an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has been also recorded. Increasing evidence suggests that the diet is involved in such escalation. In particular, the progressive globalization of food industry allowed massive supply, at a relatively low price, of a great variety of pre-packed food and bakery products, with very high energy content. Mos…

Total and subtypes of dietary fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study.

2017

Background: The associations between dietary fat and cardiovascular disease have been evaluated in several studies, but less is known about their influence on the risk of diabetes.Objective: We examined the associations between total fat, subtypes of dietary fat, and food sources rich in saturated fatty acids and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D).Design: A prospective cohort analysis of 3349 individuals who were free of diabetes at baseline but were at high cardiovascular risk from the PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea (PREDIMED) study was conducted. Detailed dietary information was assessed at baseline and yearly during the follow-up using a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable…

Modified arabinoxylan-based films. Part B. Grafting of omega-3 fatty acids by oxygen plasma and electron beam irradiation.

2003

Arabinoxylans (AXs) are byproducts of the cereal milling industry. To obtain high-value products, AXs have been used as a film-forming agent. Hence, AX-based films are poor water vapor barriers. The objectives of this study were to graft omega-3 (omega3) fatty acids onto AX polymeric chains by using two new technologies: cold plasma and electron beam (EB) irradiation. Results show that the surface hydrophobicity of the modified films is higher than that of a waxy coating or a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film. In addition, FTIR spectroscopy analysis reveals vibration bands attributed to new chemical functions. Finally, a decrease in water vapor permeability (WVP) is obtained for the film…

Design of Gelatin Pouches for the Preservation of Flaxseed Oil during Storage

2020

Flaxseed oil (FO) is composed mainly of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are very sensitive to oxidation induced by oxygen, temperature, and light. To overcome this problem, gelatin-based films containing glucose are crosslinked via the Maillard reaction (MR) at 120 &deg

Lipid Metabolism during the Sexual Maturation of the Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor): Effect of Ingested Diflubenzuron

1997

Abstract Diflubenzuron (DFB), a benzoylphenylurea derivative, when fed to adult females of Tenebrio molitor during sexual maturation (i.e., from adult ?? to day 9), was found to accumulate in the fat body and to quantitatively and qualitatively affect lipid synthesis. DFB treatment decreased the overall lipid level in the fat body and caused perturbations in both the rate of incorporation and distribution of radiolabeled oleic acid in the different classes of lipids. Compared to untreated controls, a significant increase in the level of saturated fatty acids and a significant decrease in the level of unsaturated fatty acids were observed in the fat body. In the ovaries, the fatty acid compo…

Relationship between ethanol tolerance, lipid composition and plasma membrane fluidity inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandKloeckera apiculata

1994

The lipid composition of a strain of each of two yeasts, Saccharomyces csrevisiae and Kloeckera apiculata, with different ethanol tolerances, was determined for cells grown with or without added ethanol. An increase in the proportion of ergosterol, unsaturated fatty acid levels and the maintenance of phospholipid biosynthesis seemed to be responsible for ethanol tolerance. The association of ethanol tolerance of yeast cells with plasma membrane fluidity, measured by fluorescence anisotropy, is discussed. We propose that an increase in plasma membrane fluidity may be correlated with a decrease in the sterol: phospholipid and sterol: protein ratios and an increase in unsaturation index.

Modulation of lipid-induced ER stress by fatty acid shape.

2011

IF : 5,709; International audience; Exposure of pancreatic β cells to long-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) induces a so-called endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that can ultimately lead to cell death. This process is believed to participate in insulin deficiency associated with type 2 diabetes, via a decrease in β-cell mass. By contrast, some unsaturated fatty acid species appear less toxic to the cells and can even alleviate SFA-induced ER stress. In the present study, we took advantage of a simple yeast-based model, which brings together most of the trademarks of lipotoxicity in human cells, to screen fatty acids of various structures for their capacity to counter ER stress. Here we dem…

Lipid profiling following intake of the Omega 3 fatty acid DHA identifies the peroxidized metabolites F-4-Neuroprostanes as the best predictors of at…

2014

International audience; The anti-atherogenic effects of omega 3 fatty acids, namely eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) are well recognized but the impact of dietary intake on bioactive lipid mediat or profiles remains unclear. Such a profiling effort may offer novel targets for future studies into the mechanism of action of omega 3 fatty acids. The present study aimed to determine the impact of DHA supplementation on the profiles of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) oxygenated metabolites and to investigate their contribution to therosclerosis prevention. A special emphasis was given to the non-enzymatic metabolites knowing the high susceptibility of DHA to free radical…

2015

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for animals and necessary for the normal functioning of the nervous system. A lack of PUFAs can result from the consumption of a deficient diet or genetic factors, which impact PUFA uptake and metabolism. Both can cause synaptic dysfunction, which is associated with numerous disorders. However, there is a knowledge gap linking these neuronal dysfunctions and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Because of its genetic manipulability and its easy, fast, and cheap breeding, Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as an excellent model organism for genetic screens, helping to identify the genetic bases of such events. As a first step tow…

DifferingDaphnia magnaassimilation efficiencies for terrestrial, bacterial, and algal carbon and fatty acids

2014

There is considerable interest in the pathways by which carbon and growth-limiting elemental and biochemical nutrients are supplied to upper trophic levels. Fatty acids and sterols are among the most important molecules transferred across the plant-animal interface of food webs. In lake ecosystems, in addition to phytoplankton, bacteria and terrestrial organic matter are potential trophic resources for zooplankton, especially in those receiving high terrestrial organic matter inputs. We therefore tested carbon, nitrogen, and fatty acid assimilation by the crustacean Daphnia magna when consuming these resources. We fed Daphnia with monospecific diets of high-quality (Cryptomonas marssonii) a…