Search results for "schizophrenia"
showing 10 items of 594 documents
How do people talk decades later about their crisis that we call psychosis? : A qualitative study of the personal meaning-making process
2019
Psychosis refers to a severe mental state that often significantly affects the individual’s life course. However, it remains unclear how people with the lived experiences themselves view these phenomena, as part of their life story. In order to evaluate this personal meaning-making process, we conducted in-depth life-story interviews with 20 people who had been diagnosed with non-affective psychosis 10 to 23 years previously in one catchment area. 35% of them were still receiving mental health treatment, and 55% of them were diagnosed with schizophrenia. Only a minority named their experiences as psychosis. On the basis of narrative analysis, two types of stories appeared to encompass how m…
Association of parental communication deviance with offspring's psychiatric and thought disorders. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2013
AbstractElevated number of parental Communication Deviance (CD) has been connected with psychiatric and thought disorders in their offspring. However, no earlier systematic efforts have been made to review this issue. The aim of this study was to survey the existing literature systematically and perform a meta-analysis of this association. A literature search for published and unpublished observational studies on the association of parental Communication Deviance with psychopathology in the offspring was conducted. Multiple electronic databases were searched (from 1960 to 2012) and the reference lists of the resulting publications were scanned. The findings were pooled using random effect m…
Visual mismatch negativity (vMMN): A review and meta-analysis of studies in psychiatric and neurological disorders
2016
The visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) response is an event-related potential (ERP) component, which is automatically elicited by events that violate predictions based on prior events. VMMN experiments use visual stimulus repetition to induce predictions, and vMMN is obtained by subtracting the response to rare unpredicted stimuli from those to frequent stimuli. One increasingly popular interpretation of the mismatch response postulates that vMMN, similar to its auditory counterpart (aMMN), represents a prediction error response generated by cortical mechanisms forming probabilistic representations of sensory signals. Here we discuss the physiological and theoretical basis of vMMN and review…
El problema de la descarga del agua subterránea al medio superficial: estudio de esquemas de conocimiento en universitarios
2010
En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de un estudio sobre los esquemas de conocimiento de estudiantes universitarios en relación a la importancia que prestan al agua subterránea para explicar el caudal de un río tras un tiempo sin precipitaciones, así como su integración en sus representaciones gráficas sobre el ciclo del agua. Los resultados indican una importante incultura hidrogeológica de los universitarios, reclamándose la toma de conciencia y formación del profesorado en general en este campo, así como la realización de campañas divulgativas para paliar los problemas que afectan a una adecuada gestión de los recursos hídricos subterráneos.
Biaixos atencionals en l’esquizofrènia: una revisió bibliogràfica
2018
Antecedents: En la present revisió s’analitzen diverses investigacions on s’estudien els biaixos atencionals en el processament de la informació d’estímuls amb diferent valència emocional en persones amb esquizofrènia. Metodologia: Bases de dades PubMed i PsycINFO, articles complets en anglés, que utilitzen participants adults. L’objectiu és analitzar articles des de l’any 2000 al 2016 on s’estudien els biaixos atencionals en l’esquizofrènia. Pregunta de recerca: Existeixen biaixos atencionals en el processament de la informació davant estímuls amb diferent valència emocional ‒càrrega emocional agradable, desagradable o neutra‒ en persones amb esquizofrènia? Resultats: 22 articles, dels qua…
Grip Strength, Neurocognition, and Social Functioning in People WithType-2 Diabetes Mellitus, Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizo…
2020
[Background] Frailty is a common syndrome among older adults and patients with several comorbidities. Grip strength (GS) is a representative parameter of frailty because it is a valid indicator of current and long-term physical conditions in the general population and patients with severe mental illnesses (SMIs). Physical and cognitive capacities of people with SMIs are usually impaired; however, their relationship with frailty or social functioning have not been studied to date. The current study aimed to determine if GS is a valid predictor of changes in cognitive performance and social functioning in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and SMIs.
Transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology at first episode psychosis: findings from the multinational EU-GEI study.
2019
Background\ud The value of the nosological distinction between non-affective and affective psychosis has frequently been challenged. We aimed to investigate the transdiagnostic dimensional structure and associated characteristics of psychopathology at First Episode Psychosis (FEP). Regardless of diagnostic categories, we expected that positive symptoms occurred more frequently in ethnic minority groups and in more densely populated environments, and that negative symptoms were associated with indices of neurodevelopmental impairment.\ud \ud Method\ud This study included 2182 FEP individuals recruited across six countries, as part of the EUropean network of national schizophrenia networks st…
Structural Covariance of Cortical Gyrification at Illness Onset in Treatment Resistance: A Longitudinal Study of First-Episode Psychoses
2021
AbstractTreatment resistance (TR) in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) is a major cause of disability and functional impairment, yet mechanisms underlying this severe disorder are poorly understood. As one view is that TR has neurodevelopmental roots, we investigated whether its emergence relates to disruptions in synchronized cortical maturation quantified using gyrification-based connectomes. Seventy patients with FEP evaluated at their first presentation to psychiatric services were followed up using clinical records for 4 years; of these, 17 (24.3%) met the definition of TR and 53 (75.7%) remained non-TR at 4 years. Structural MRI images were obtained within 5 weeks from first…
Schizoaffective disorder and affective disorders with mood-incongruent psychotic features: keep separate or combine? Evidence from a family study.
1992
Objective This study investigated whether the distinction between schizoaffective disorder and affective disorders with mood-incongruent psychotic features as described in DSM-III-R is reflected by aggregation of schizophrenia in the families of probands with the former disorder and aggregation of affective disorders mainly among the relatives of probands with the latter type of disorders. Method The probands were 118 inpatients with definite lifetime diagnoses of DSM-III-R schizoaffective disorder or a major mood disorder with incongruent psychotic features according to structured clinical interviews. Diagnostic information on 475 of the probands' first-degree relatives was gathered throug…
Daily use, especially of high-potency cannabis, drives the earlier onset of psychosis in cannabis users.
2013
UNLABELLED: Cannabis use is associated with an earlier age of onset of psychosis (AOP). However, the reasons for this remain debated. METHODS: We applied a Cox proportional hazards model to 410 first-episode psychosis patients to investigate the association between gender, patterns of cannabis use, and AOP. RESULTS: Patients with a history of cannabis use presented with their first episode of psychosis at a younger age (mean years = 28.2, SD = 8.0; median years = 27.1) than those who never used cannabis (mean years = 31.4, SD = 9.9; median years = 30.0; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.16-1.74; P < .001). This association remained significant after controlling for gender (HR = 1.39; 95% …