Search results for "script"
showing 10 items of 5143 documents
Pharmacological Neuroenhancement: Substances and Epidemiology
2013
Pharmacological neuroenhancement (PN) refers to the general use of psychoactive substances with the purpose of cognitive enhancement (e.g. enhancement of vigilance, concentration, memory or mood) by healthy subjects. Substances for PN include Over-the-Counter- (OTC-) substances such as coffee, caffeinated drinks/energy drinks, caffeine tablets and Ginkgo biloba as well as prescription drugs and illicit drugs (e.g. (psycho-) stimulants). “Brain doping” refers to the illicit use of a subcategory of these substances. On the one hand, this subcategory includes prescription drugs for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sleep disorders, Alzheimer’s disease and depres…
Estadística (Estadística descriptiva en Psicología) (2009-2010)
2009
La finalidad general de la asignatura es la de proveer procedimientos para dar respuesta a las cuestiones de interés para los psicólogos mediante análisis estadístico de datos, y en consecuencia tiene un carácter teórico-práctico. Las técnicas de análisis de datos son requisito para otras asignaturas básicas del plan de estudios como son Psicometría y Diseños de Investigación así como otras materias optativas. También son requisito para la realización de investigación empírica en otras materias y áreas de conocimiento así como para la comprensión teórica de las bases del conocimiento empírico del comportamiento.
Mitochondrial dynamics in type 2 diabetes: Pathophysiological implications
2017
Mitochondria play a key role in maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis. These organelles have a high plasticity and are involved in dynamic processes such as mitochondrial fusion and fission, mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Type 2 diabetes is characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction, high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and low levels of ATP. Mitochondrial fusion is modulated by different proteins, including mitofusin-1 (MFN1), mitofusin-2 (MFN2) and optic atrophy (OPA-1), while fission is controlled by mitochondrial fission 1 (FIS1), dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF). PARKIN and (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) partici…
Fas signaling-mediated T
2018
Fas induces apoptosis in activated T cell to maintain immune homeostasis, but the effects of non-apoptotic Fas signaling on T cells remain unclear. Here we show that Fas promotes TH9 cell differentiation by activating NF-κB via Ca2+-dependent PKC-β activation. In addition, PKC-β also phosphorylates p38 to inactivate NFAT1 and reduce NFAT1-NF-κB synergy to promote the Fas-induced TH9 transcription program. Fas ligation exacerbates inflammatory bowel disease by increasing TH9 cell differentiation, and promotes antitumor activity in p38 inhibitor-treated TH9 cells. Furthermore, low-dose p38 inhibitor suppresses tumor growth without inducing systemic adverse effects. In patients with tumor, rel…
T-bet as a possible therapeutic target in autoimmune disease
2002
The prominent role of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by T helper-1 (T(H1)) cells in regulating autoimmune responses in vitro and in vivo has been demonstrated. Recent observations of T cell polarisation by regulatory transcription factors--especially T-bet (T-box expressed in T cells)--raise the question of their influence in controlling autoimmune diseases. Here, the authors summarise recent observations of the role of T-bet in controlling chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and discuss the implications of these findings for future therapeutic approaches.
Correlation of renal tubular epithelial cell-derived interleukin-18 up-regulation with disease activity in MRL-Faslpr mice with autoimmune lupus neph…
2002
Objective MRL-Faslpr mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease that mimics systemic lupus erythematosus in humans. Infiltrating T cells expressing interferon-γ (IFNγ) are responsible for the autoimmune kidney destruction in MRL-Faslpr mice, and interleukin-18 (IL-18) released by mononuclear phagocytes stimulates T cells to produce the IFNγ. Since MRL-Faslpr T cells are characterized by an overexpression of the IL-18 receptor accessory chain, we sought to determine the impact of IL-18 on the progression of lupus nephritis in MRL-Faslpr mice. Methods IL-18 expression in sera and kidney tissues from MRL-Faslpr mice was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse tra…
ITCH E3 ubiquitin ligase downregulation compromises hepatic degradation of branched-chain amino acids
2022
Objective: Metabolic syndrome, obesity, and steatosis are characterized by a range of dysregulations including defects in ubiquitin ligase tagging proteins for degradation. The identification of novel hepatic genes associated with fatty liver disease and metabolic dysregulation may be relevant to unravelling new mechanisms involved in liver disease progression Methods: Through integrative analysis of liver transcriptomic and metabolomic obtained from obese subjects with steatosis, we identified itchy E ubiquitin protein ligase (ITCH) as a gene downregulated in human hepatic tissue in relation to steatosis grade. Wild-type or ITCH knockout mouse models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (N…
Identification of novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) target genes in mouse liver using cDNA microarray analysis.
2001
Peroxisome proliferators, which function as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) agonists, are a group of structurally diverse nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens including the fibrate class of hypolipidemic drugs that induce peroxisome proliferation in liver parenchymal cells. Sustained activation of PPARalpha by these agents leads to the development of liver tumors in rats and mice. To understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the pleiotropic effects of these agents, we have utilized the cDNA microarray to generate a molecular portrait of gene expression in the liver of mice treated for 2 weeks with Wy-14,643, a potent peroxisome proliferator. PPARalpha activa…
Toxicological Study in vitro, in vivo and Transcriptomic of Mycotoxins. Estudio Toxicológico in vitro, in vivo y Transcriptómico de Micotoxinas
2018
Las micotoxinas, producidas por el metabolismo secundario de hongos filamentosos, se consideran contaminantes comunes de alimentos y piensos y constituyen una preocupación en el ámbito de la seguridad alimentaria. Se han estudiado los efectos tóxicos y mecanismos de acción de las micotoxinas emergentes Beauvericina (BEA) y Eniatinas (ENs) mediante ensayos in vitro en células Jurkat, in vivo en rata Wistar y transcriptómicos por secuenciación del ARN; así como la presencia de multi-micotoxinas en alimentos, piensos y muestras biológicas. Las revisiones realizadas ponen de manifiesto que (i) la investigación in vivo de fusarotoxinas se basa principalmente en estudios de toxicidad subaguda y s…
Adaptogens in chemobrain (Part III): Antitoxic effects of plant extracts towards cancer chemotherapy-induced toxicity - transcriptome-wide microarray…
2019
Abstract Background Toxicity of chemotherapeutics is a serious problem in cancer therapy. Adaptogens are known to increase adaptability and survival organisms. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the effects of selected adaptogenic herbal extracts on FEC (fixed combination of 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide) induced changes in transcriptome-wide microarray profiles of neuroglia cells. Another task of the study was to identify those genes, which are associated with FEC-induced hepato-, cardio– and nephrotoxicity to predict potential effects of andrographolide (AND), Andrographis herb, Eleutherococcus roots genuine extracts (ES), their fixed combination (AE) and the combin…