Search results for "selection"

The posterior chamber phakic refractive lens (PRL): a review

2012

Implantation of phakic intraocular lenses (pIOLs) is a reversible refractive procedure, preserving the patient’s accommodative function with minimal induction of higher order aberrations compared with corneal photoablative procedures. Despite this, as an intraocular procedure, it has potential risks such as cataracts, chronic uveitis, pupil ovalization, corneal endothelial cell loss, pigmentary dispersion syndrome, pupillary block glaucoma, astigmatism, or endophthalmitis. Currently, only two models of posterior chamber pIOLs are commercially available, the implantable collammer lens (STAAR Surgical Co.) and the phakic refractive lens (PRL; Zeiss Meditec). The number of published reports on…

Selektionstheorie und Rassenbildung beim Menschen

1952

So far, the applications of the theory of selection to human race formation have primarily considered the selective quality of individual race characters which are preferred by classification. However only few physiologically important race characters have been found to have an evident selective advantage. It is the climate laws, however, that prompt the assumption that selection will take place according to differences of vitality and fertility under certain climatic conditions and that the visible race characters are but incidental effects of pleiotropic gene. It also appears that, in contrast to selection, mutability must be given more consideration to-day than before. For instance the e…

Introduction to molecular topology: basic concepts and application to drug design.

2012

In this review it is dealt the use of molecular topology (MT) in the selection and design of new drugs. After an introduction of the actual methods used for drug design, the basic concepts of MT are defined, including examples of calculation of topological indices, which are numerical descriptors of molecular structures. The goal is making this calculation familiar to the potential students and allowing a straightforward comprehension of the topic. Finally, the achievements obtained in this field are detailed, so that the reader can figure out the great interest of this approach.

The Prediction of Human Intestinal Absorption Based on the Molecular Structure

2014

Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA) has been modeled many times by using classification models. However, regression models are scarce. Here, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are implemented for this purpose. A dataset of structurally diverse chemicals with their respective experimental HIA were used to design robust, true predictive and widespread applicable ANN models. An input variables pool was made up of structural invariants calculated by using either Dragon or our software Desmol 1. The selection of best variables was performed following three steps using the entire dataset of molecules. Firstly, variables poorly correlated with the experimental data were eliminated. Secondly, input va…

Predetermination and Change in Living Beings

1998

Phenomenology constitutes a movement which unfolds in different directions: some are nearer to Edmund Husserl’s thoughts (1859–1938), as the orthodox manifestation of the movement; others are further afield, as would be the case of Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950): his thoughts are considered to be outside the scope of phenomenology, whereas others see him as a heterodox manifestation of the movement. In any case, Hartmann uses phenomenology in order to purify philosophical problems, without disregarding the scientific contribution. This dependence on the sciences is more obvious in his last works, and especially in his Ontology, and this paper will focus on one of its aspects.

Social phenotype extended to communities: expanded multilevel social selection analysis reveals fitness consequences of interspecific interactions.

2014

In social species, fitness consequences are associated with both individual and social phenotypes. Social selection analysis has quantified the contribution of conspecific social traits to individual fitness. There has been no attempt, however, to apply a social selection approach to quantify the fitness implications of heterospecific social phenotypes. Here, we propose a novel social selection based approach integrating the role of all social interactions at the community level. We extended multilevel selection analysis by including a term accounting for the group phenotype of heterospecifics. We analyzed nest activity as a model social trait common to two species, the lesser kestrel (Falc…

The genetics of phenotypic plasticity in livestock in the era of climate change: a review

2020

Climate change has the potential to adversely affect the health of livestock, with consequences to animal welfare, greenhouse gas emissions, productivity, human health and livelihoods. Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes, depending on environmental, biotic or abiotic conditions; it is a factor influencing and modifying the genes of animal and plant organisms, to adaptation to climate change. Among the various climate variables, heat stress has been reported to be the most detrimental factor to the economy of the livestock industry. There are a number of candidate genes that are associated with adaptation of ruminants, monogastric and poultry to…

2021

Interactions between organisms and their environments are central to how biological diversity arises and how natural populations and ecosystems respond to environmental change. These interactions involve processes by which phenotypes are affected by or respond to external conditions (e.g., via phenotypic plasticity or natural selection) as well as processes by which organisms reciprocally interact with the environment (e.g., via eco-evolutionary feedbacks). Organism-environment interactions can be highly dynamic and operate on different hierarchical levels, from genes and phenotypes to populations, communities, and ecosystems. Therefore, the study of organism-environment interactions requir…

La vida cotidiana de los vecinos de Manila a través de sus testamentos e inventarios de bienes

2019

With the general objective indicated in its title, this work tries to highlight relevant aspects in the continuity of the Spanish domain in the Philippines, dependent on the maintenance of the Spanish capital. The inevitable selection of topics has lead the preferences of this work towards the residents collaboration to defend the city, the conversion of many of them into traders of exotic products and singular slaves owners, and their collaboration to an incredible miscegenation due to the ethnic variety. On the other hand, to follow the footsteps of the first generation of residents in Manila, at the end of the 16th century and during the 17th century, this work gives us some information …

Observation of light-by-light scattering in ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector

2019

This Letter describes the observation of the light-by-light scattering process, γγ→γγ, in Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02  TeV. The analysis is conducted using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.73  nb−1, collected in November 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Light-by-light scattering candidates are selected in events with two photons produced exclusively, each with transverse energy EγT>3  GeV and pseudorapidity |ηγ|<2.4, diphoton invariant mass above 6 GeV, and small diphoton transverse momentum and acoplanarity. After applying all selection criteria, 59 candidate events are observed for a background expectation of 12±3 events. The observed excess of events…