Search results for "selection"
showing 10 items of 1940 documents
Modelling hydrolysis: Simultaneous versus sequential biodegradation of the hydrolysable fractions
2018
Hydrolysis is considered the limiting step during solid waste anaerobic digestion (including co-digestion of sludge and biosolids). Mechanisms of hydrolysis are mechanistically not well understood with detrimental impact on model predictive capability. The common approach to multiple substrates is to consider simultaneous degradation of the substrates. This may not have the capacity to separate the different kinetics. Sequential degradation of substrates is theoretically supported by microbial capacity and the composite nature of substrates (bioaccessibility concept). However, this has not been experimentally assessed. Sequential chemical fractionation has been successfully used to define i…
Darwin et l'après-Darwin : une histoire de l'hypothèse de sélection dans la théorie de l'évolution
1992
Les historiens et les biologistes n'ont pas assez distingué la théorie et l'hypothèse de sélection naturelle. En tant que théorie générale de l'histoire de la vie, la doctrine de la sélection naturelle a sans aucun doute eu un immense retentissement dans la science et dans la culture de son temps. Mais l'hypothèse centrale de cette théorie, dans la forme très contraignante que lui avait donnée Darwin, s'est trouvée très vite exposée à des difficultés internes suffisamment redoutables pour entrer en crise à peine était-elle née. En liant rigidement l'hypothèse de sélection à l'hérédité, Darwin l'a exposée pour au moins cinquante ans à la menace permanente d'une réfutation. La sélection darwi…
Critics and Criticisms of the Modern Synthesis: the Viewpoint of a Philosopher
1990
International audience
Diversité et activités microbiennes dans la rhizosphère: des atouts majeurs en agroécologie
2012
National audience; Les rhizodépôts libérés par les plantes stimulent une microflore abondante et active dans la rhizosphère. La diversité des communautés microbiennes correspondantes est influencée par la nature des rhizodépôts (composition, molécules signal) qui diffère selon les génotypes végétaux. Le coût pour la plante correspondant à la libération de ces rhizodépôts est contrebalancé par le bénéfice issu des effets positifs de certaines populations microbiennes rhizosphériques sur la croissance et la santé de la plante-hôte. La connaissance des traits végétaux impliqués dans la sélection de ces populations bénéfiques, au sein des communautés microbiennes telluriques, représente un enje…
Genetic plasticity of atrazine-degrader: evidence for the deletion of atzABC genes in pseudomonas sp. adp in response to cyanuric acid selection pres…
2010
International audience; Several bacterial strains are known to metabolize s-triazines herbicides among which atrazine reported worldwidel to contaminate soil and water resources. The complete mineralization of atrazine to carbon dioxide and ammonium is catalyzed by 6 hydrolytic enzymes encoded by atzABCDEF genes located on the plasmid pADP1 in Pseudomonas ADP. The atzABC genes code for the upper pathway transforming atrazine to cyanuric acid, while the atzDEF genes code for the lower pathway transforming cyanuric acid to simple compounds. In order to study the genetic plasticity of the atrazine catabolic pathway, we performed an in vitro evolution study consisting in applying a continuous s…
Predicting pesticide biodegradation potential from microbial community composition: new tools for bioremediation
2022
Bioaugmentation is receiving increasing attention as a green technology to treat contaminatedareas by inoculating specific biodegrading microorganisms. However, our understanding of therole of microbial community composition and structure in the expression of contaminantdegradation potential is yet to improve. It could help making wise choice for microorganisms –community or specific strain – to be inoculated in contaminated soils with consideration to theirindigeneous microbiota.Here we tried to predict the microbial degradation of two herbicides, glyphosate andisoproturon by means of penalized regression and machine learning methods routinely used ingenomic selection. To this end, we cond…
Les phytoprotecteurs (« Safeners ») associés aux herbicides jouent-ils un rôle dans la sélection de résistances non liées à la cible ?
2016
Do herbicide-associated "Safeners" play a role in the selection for non-target-site resistances ? To ensure or improve crop selectivity, some herbicide molecules are applied in association with a “safener”. Safeners are compounds that, at the rate applied, enhance herbicide-degrading metabolic pathways supposedly specifically in crop plants. The metabolic pathways enhanced by safeners in crop plants are highly similar to those exacerbated in taxonomically closely related weed species that evolved non-target-site based resistance (NTSR) to herbicides. Herein, we show an enhancing effect of herbicide safeners on NTSR in a major noxious grass weed: rye-grass (Lolium sp.).
Improving IoT Communications Based on Smart Routing Algorithms
2018
International audience; Due to the recorded success by Internet of Things (IoT) technology, more and more domains use it as a communications and exchange network such as e-health, smart cities, vehicles, etc. IoT don’t stop integrating an important number of components and objects that are characterized by their complexity and heterogeneity. Such constraints make the existing routings protocols unsuitable for IoT communications. To accomplish all the expected tasks and satisfy the user services, it is important to guarantee a quality of communication that answers to the requirements of the various applications in terms of data and processing (availability, integrity, efficiency, etc.). The …
Runs of homozygosity in the Italian goat breeds: impact of management practices in low-input systems
2021
Abstract Background Climate and farming systems, several of which are considered as low-input agricultural systems, vary between goat populations from Northern and Southern Italy and have led to different management practices. These processes have impacted genome shaping in terms of inbreeding and regions under selection and resulted in differences between the northern and southern populations. Both inbreeding and signatures of selection can be pinpointed by the analysis of runs of homozygosity (ROH), which provides useful information to assist the management of this species in different rural areas. Results We analyzed the ROH distribution and inbreeding (FROH) in 902 goats from the Italia…
Joint Optimization of Sensor Selection and Routing for Distributed Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks
2014
Avances recientes en redes inalámbricos de sensores (WSNs, Wireless Sensor Networks) han posibilitado que pequeños sensores, baratos y con recursos limitados tanto en sensado, comunicación, como en computación, sean desplegados a gran escala. En consecuencia, las WSNs pueden ofrecer diversos servicios en importantes aplicaciones para la sociedad. Entre las varias restricciones que aparecen en el diseño de WSNs, tales como la limitación en energía disponible, procesamiento y memoria, la limitación en energía es muy importante ya que en muchas aplicaciones (ej., monitorización remota de diferentes entornos, edificios administrativos, monitoreo del hábitat, los incendios forestales, la atenció…