Search results for "selection"
showing 10 items of 1940 documents
Evaluating the extent of patient-centred care in a selection of ESC guidelines
2019
AIMS: Patient-centred care (PCC) is the cornerstone for healthcare professionals to promote high quality care for patients with cardiovascular conditions. It is defined as 'Providing care that is respectful of, and responsive to, individual patient preferences, needs and values, and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions'. PCC can improve patient outcomes and allow patients and healthcare professionals to manage care collaboratively using best available evidence. However, there is no clear understanding how extensively guidelines incorporate PCC recommendations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incorporation of PCC into a selection of guidelines published by the E…
Can sexual selection theory inform genetic management of captive populations? A review
2014
International audience; Captive breeding for conservation purposes presents a serious practical challenge because several conflicting genetic processes (i.e., inbreeding depression, random genetic drift and genetic adaptation to captivity) need to be managed in concert to maximize captive population persistence and reintroduction success probability. Because current genetic management is often only partly successful in achieving these goals, it has been suggested that management insights may be found in sexual selection theory (in particular, female mate choice). We review the theoretical and empirical literature and consider how female mate choice might influence captive breeding in the co…
Genetic Characterization of Legionella pneumophila Isolated from a Common Watershed in Comunidad Valenciana, Spain
2013
Legionella pneumophila infects humans to produce legionellosis and Pontiac fever only from environmental sources. In order to establish control measures and study the sources of outbreaks it is essential to know extent and distribution of strain variants of this bacterium in the environment. Sporadic and outbreak-related cases of legionellosis have been historically frequent in the Comunidad Valenciana region (CV, Spain), with a high prevalence in its Southeastern-most part (BV). Environmental investigations for the detection of Legionella pneumophila are performed in this area routinely. We present a population genetics study of 87 L. pneumophila strains isolated in 13 different localities…
Genetic and Ecotypic Differentiation in a Californian Plant Polyploid Complex (Grindelia, Asteraceae)
2014
Studies of ecotypic differentiation in the California Floristic Province have contributed greatly to plant evolutionary biology since the pioneering work of Clausen, Keck, and Hiesey. The extent of gene flow and genetic differentiation across interfertile ecotypes that span major habitats in the California Floristic Province is understudied, however, and is important for understanding the prospects for local adaptation to evolve or persist in the face of potential gene flow across populations in different ecological settings. We used microsatellite data to examine local differentiation in one of these lineages, the Pacific Coast polyploid complex of the plant genus Grindelia (Asteraceae). W…
Reconstruction of the evolutionary history of Saccharomyces cerevisiae x S. kudriavzevii hybrids based on multilocus sequence analysis.
2012
In recent years, interspecific hybridization and introgression are increasingly recognized as significant events in the evolution of Saccharomyces yeasts. These mechanisms have probably been involved in the origin of novel yeast genotypes and phenotypes, which in due course were to colonize and predominate in the new fermentative environments created by human manipulation. The particular conditions in which hybrids arose are still unknown, as well as the number of possible hybridization events that generated the whole set of natural hybrids described in the literature during recent years. In this study, we could infer at least six different hybridization events that originated a set of 26 S…
Inbreeding depression in the effects of body mass on energy use
2011
Large organisms have higher metabolic rates than small organisms but, if we compare their relative metabolic rates (i.e. per gram of tissue), this relationship is very often reversed. The pervasiveness of this phenomenon, called metabolic scaling, has attracted several theoretical explanations, and also produced lingering debate over whether metabolic scaling is a physically constrained and universally constant phenomenon or a more variable and evolutionarily malleable trait. To bring novel insights to this debate, we manipulated male Gryllodes sigillatus crickets’ coefficients of inbreeding to determine whether metabolic scaling is sensitive to the manipulation of genetic quality. Because …
Sexual and natural selection on body mass and metabolic rates in free-living bank voles
2010
Summary 1. Because energy is a crucial resource, adaptive significance of variation in the rate of energy metabolism, and especially in basal (BMR) and maximum aerobic (VO2max) metabolic rates, is a popular theme in evolutionary and ecological physiology. However, little is known about the association of these traits with fitness components in populations of free-living animals. 2. We studied the association between body size, the metabolic rates, and reproductive success in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in an isolated, small island population. Correlation analyses were performed for two measures of reproductive performance: mating success (the number of partners with which an individual ha…
Licensed and Unlicensed Spectrum Management for Energy-Efficient Cognitive M2M
2020
Edge computing has emerged as a promising solution for relieving the tension between resource-limited MTDs and computational-intensive tasks. To realize successful task offloading with limited spectrum, we focus on the cognitive machine-to-machine (CM2M) paradigm which enables a massive number of MTDs to either opportunistically use the licensed spectrum that is temporarily available, or to exploit the under-utilized unlicensed spectrum. We formulate the channel selection problem with both licensed and unlicensed spectrum as an adversarial multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem, and combine the exponential-weight algorithm for exploration and exploitation (EXP3) and Lyapunov optimization to devel…
Cómo se calma al primo en la ESO : la externalización a PCPI y la subjetivación de la selección escolar
2020
This paper deals with the process of externalization of pupils from compulsory lower secondary education to external programs (PCPI). It describes the negotiations, interactions and strategies deployed in the process, as well as the actors involved and the subjective effects it has on the students. The paper is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in a state secondary school in Madrid, and draws on document analysis, participant observation and interviews with students and the school personnel. The proposal of referral to basic vocational training programs external to compulsory education constitutes a status degradation for the students, which are defined as unable to complete compuls…
Search for relativistic magnetic monopoles with IceCube
2012
We present the first results in the search for relativistic magnetic monopoles with the IceCube detector, a subsurface neutrino telescope located in the South Polar ice cap containing a volume of 1 km$^{3}$. This analysis searches data taken on the partially completed detector during 2007 when roughly 0.2 km$^{3}$ of ice was instrumented. The lack of candidate events leads to an upper limit on the flux of relativistic magnetic monopoles of $\Phi_{\mathrm{90%C.L.}}\sim 3\e{-18}\fluxunits$ for $\beta\geq0.8$. This is a factor of 4 improvement over the previous best experimental flux limits up to a Lorentz boost $\gamma$ below $10^{7}$. This result is then interpreted for a wide range of mass …