Search results for "semantics"
showing 10 items of 407 documents
Cross-linguistic variation in the neurophysiological response to semantic processing: Evidence from anomalies at the borderline of awareness
2014
The N400 event-related brain potential (ERP) has played a major role in the examination of how the human brain processes meaning. For current theories of the N400, classes of semantic inconsistencies which do not elicit N400 effects have proven particularly influential. Semantic anomalies that are difficult to detect are a case in point ("borderline anomalies", e.g. "After an air crash, where should the survivors be buried?"), engendering a late positive ERP response but no N400 effect in English (Sanford, Leuthold, Bohan, & Sanford, 2011). In three auditory ERP experiments, we demonstrate that this result is subject to cross-linguistic variation. In a German version of Sanford and colleagu…
Predicting domain-specific actions in expert table tennis players activates the semantic brain network.
2018
Motor expertise acquired during long-term training in sports enables top athletes to predict the outcomes of domain-specific actions better than nonexperts do. However, whether expert players encode actions, in addition to the concrete sensorimotor level, also at a more abstract, conceptual level, remains unclear. The present study manipulated the congruence between body kinematics and the subsequent ball trajectory in videos of an expert player performing table tennis serves. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the brain activity was evaluated in expert and nonexpert table tennis players during their predictions on the fate of the ball trajectory in congruent versus incongruent…
Linguistic Therapy of Evaluation
2006
The linguistic therapy of evaluation (LTE) comes from the theory of general semantics (GS) developed by Alfred Korzybski. GS emphasizes the role that language plays in evaluating the world of “events,” that is, what is going on (WIGO in the individual’s world). GS is the science of both evaluation and values. “Evaluation” implies that a similar degree of importance is given to thinking and feeling. When evaluating an experience, we construe the world through language. Korzybski (1933, p. 24) defined a semantic reaction as “the psychological reaction of a given individual to words, language, symbols, and events, in connection with their meanings, and the psychological reactions, which become…
Mobile Semantics: Defining Concepts and their Interrelationships
2006
Abstract As service offerings and technologies constantly develop there seems to be confusion over what we are actually talking about when we talk about mobile services. A requirement for constructing an organized body of knowledge in a specific area of research is the clarity of its basic concepts. Often, we are not specifically interested in defining things but to examine and discuss the subjects of our primary interest we need unambiguous and shared definitions of our key concepts. Although many relevant concepts undoubtedly have clear definitions in the minds of experienced scholars working in the field of mobile offerings, for some reason these definitions are not well articulated or e…
Neural Multimodal Belief Tracker with Adaptive Attention for Dialogue Systems
2019
Multimodal dialogue systems are attracting increasing attention with a more natural and informative way for human-computer interaction. As one of its core components, the belief tracker estimates the user's goal at each step of the dialogue and provides a direct way to validate the ability of dialogue understanding. However, existing studies on belief trackers are largely limited to textual modality, which cannot be easily extended to capture the rich semantics in multimodal systems such as those with product images. For example, in fashion domain, the visual appearance of clothes play a crucial role in understanding the user's intention. In this case, the existing belief trackers may fail …
ATL model checking in the cloud
2015
This paper gives an overview of our recent work on implementing a new interactive ATL model checker for verification of open systems. In verification based on model checking, we need to provide a model of the system and also write down the properties (ATL formulas) that we require the system to satisfy. Traditionally, the semantics of ATL is given in terms of concurrent game structures. In contrast to previous approaches, our tool permits an interactive design of the ATL models as state-transition graphs, and is based on client/server architecture. The server part, published as Web service in OpenShift cloud platform, embeds the core of the ATL model checker, and the client provides an intu…
FrameNet Resource Grammar Library for GF
2012
In this paper we present an ongoing research investigating the possibility and potential of integrating frame semantics, particularly FrameNet, in the Grammatical Framework (GF) application grammar development. An important component of GF is its Resource Grammar Library (RGL) that encapsulates the low-level linguistic knowledge about morphology and syntax of currently more than 20 languages facilitating rapid development of multilingual applications. In the ideal case, porting a GF application grammar to a new language would only require introducing the domain lexicon - translation equivalents that are interlinked via common abstract terms. While it is possible for a highly restricted CNL,…
Polisemia e slittamenti semantici nei concetti ANIMA e CORPO nel mondo occidentale, ovvero l'Errore di San Paolo
2006
Storicamente il cristianesimo deve molto al giudaismo. Il cristianesimo di San Paolo, tuttavia, ha cambiato il modo di ragionare su concetti come il sé, il corpo, e la cognizione umana. Senza volere trattare certi concetti teologici, mi prefiggo di sottolineare come il punto di vista della scienza moderna è più vicino al giudaismo tradizionale che al cristianesimo, e di spiegare la diffusione dell’“errore” di Paolo nel mondo occidentale, analizzando la semantica dei riferimenti linguistici (e in particolar modo le metafore e le metonimie) dei concetti anima e corpo e del rapporto con la concezione del sé. Cresciuto da “uomo franco” cioè, da cittadino romano in un ambiente cosmopolita, Paolo…
Enhanced query processing for NoSQL crowdsourcing systems
2014
In this paper, we provide a novel approach for effectively and efficiently support query processing tasks in novel NoSQL crowdsourcing systems. The idea of our method is to exploit the social knowledge available from reviews about products of any kind, freely provided by customers through specialized web sites. We thus define a NoSQL database system for large collections of product reviews, where queries can be expressed in terms of natural language sentences whose answers are modeled as lists of products ranked based on the relevance of reviews w.r.t. the natural language sentences. The best ranked products in the result list can be seen as the best hints for the user based on crowd opinio…
REFERENCIAL SEMANTICS AND THE MEANING OF NATURAL KIND TERMS
2009
Neste artigo, tomei certas idéias da semântica de Montague como meu ponto de partida e distingui claramente semântica de epistemologia. O significado de uma sentença é considerado como suas condições de verdade as quais são assumidas como sendo estabelecidas por dois componentes: a estrutura sintática e os referentes de termos sem estrutura. Nesse panorama teórico, tento apresentar uma explicação para o significado dos termos de espécies naturais. Minha tese é que o significado de um termo de espécie natural é sua referência, i. e., a espécie natural à qual o termo refere-se.