Search results for "sequence data"
showing 10 items of 1952 documents
Two Enhancers Control Transcription of Drosophila muscleblind in the Embryonic Somatic Musculature and in the Central Nervous System
2014
The phylogenetically conserved family of Muscleblind proteins are RNA-binding factors involved in a variety of gene expression processes including alternative splicing regulation, RNA stability and subcellular localization, and miRNA biogenesis, which typically contribute to cell-type specific differentiation. In humans, sequestration of Muscleblind-like proteins MBNL1 and MBNL2 has been implicated in degenerative disorders, particularly expansion diseases such as myotonic dystrophy type 1 and 2. Drosophila muscleblind was previously shown to be expressed in embryonic somatic and visceral muscle subtypes, and in the central nervous system, and to depend on Mef2 for transcriptional activatio…
RPGR ORF15 isoform co-localizes with RPGRIP1 at centrioles and basal bodies and interacts with nucleophosmin
2005
The ORF15 isoform of RPGR (RPGR(ORF15)) and RPGR interacting protein 1 (RPGRIP1) are mutated in a variety of retinal dystrophies but their functions are poorly understood. Here, we show that in cultured mammalian cells both RPGR(ORF15) and RPGRIP1 localize to centrioles. These localizations are resistant to the microtubule destabilizing drug nocodazole and persist throughout the cell cycle. RPGR and RPGRIP1 also co-localize at basal bodies in cells with primary cilia. The C-terminal (C2) domain of RPGR(ORF15) (ORF15(C2)) is highly conserved across 13 mammalian species, suggesting that it is a functionally important domain. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mas…
CtsR is the master regulator of stress response gene expression in Oenococcus oeni.
2005
ABSTRACT Although many stress response genes have been characterized in Oenococcus oeni , little is known about the regulation of stress response in this malolactic bacterium. The expression of eubacterial stress genes is controlled both positively and negatively at the transcriptional level. Overall, negative regulation of heat shock genes appears to be more widespread among gram-positive bacteria. We recently identified an ortholog of the ctsR gene in O. oeni . In Bacillus subtilis , CtsR negatively regulates expression of the clp genes, which belong to the class III family of heat shock genes. The ctsR gene of O. oeni is cotranscribed with the downstream clpC gene. Sequence analysis of t…
The eighth component of human complement: molecular basis of C8A (C81) polymorphism.
1995
Using an exon-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct DNA sequence analysis we have analyzed the polymorphism of the alpha-chain of the eighth component of human complement (C8) at the DNA level. We found that two common alleles, C8A*A and C8A*B, are characterized by the substitution of a single amino acid (Gln to Lys), which is caused by a point mutation of a single nucleotide (C to A) in exon 3 at position 187 of the mature C8 alpha cDNA sequence. Based on this mutation, an allele-specific PCR was designed detecting the two alleles of C8A. We applied this method to type the C8A polymorphism using DNA samples from a Chinese Han population. The comparison with the data o…
Enhancer blocking activity located near the 3′ end of the sea urchin early H2A histone gene
1997
The sea urchin early histone repeating unit contains one copy of each of the five histone genes whose coordinate expression during development is regulated by gene-specific elements. To learn how within the histone repeating unit a gene-specific activator can be prevented to communicate with the heterologous promoters, we searched for domain boundaries by using the enhancer blocking assay. We focused on the region near the 3′ end of the H2A gene where stage-specific nuclease cleavage sites appear upon silencing of the early histone genes. We demonstrated that a DNA fragment of 265 bp in length, defined as sns (for silencing nucleoprotein structure), blocked the enhancer activity of the H2A…
Random mutations directed to transmembrane and loop domains of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein: impact on pigment binding.
1999
The major light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) can be reconstituted in vitro by folding its bacterially expressed apoprotein, Lhcb, in detergent solution in the presence of chlorophylls and carotenoids. To compare the impact of alpha-helical transmembrane domains and hydrophilic loop domains of the apoprotein on complex formation and stability, we introduced random mutations into a segment of the protein comprising the stromal loop, the third (C-proximal) transmembrane helix, and part of the amphipathic helix in the C-terminal domain. The mutant versions of Lhcb were screened for the loss of their ability to form stable LHCII upon reconstitution in vitro. Most steps during the…
Exchange of Pigment-Binding Amino Acids in Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Protein
1999
Four amino acids in the major light-harvesting chlorophyll (Chl) a/b complex (LHCII) that are thought to coordinate Chl molecules have been exchanged with amino acids that presumably cannot bind Chl. Amino acids H68, Q131, Q197, and H212 are positioned in helixes B, C, A, and D, respectively, and, according to the LHCII crystal structure [Kühlbrandt, W., et al. (1994) Nature 367, 614-621], coordinate the Chl molecules named a(5), b(6), a(3), and b(3). Moreover, a double mutant was analyzed carrying exchanges at positions E65 and H68, presumably affecting Chls a(4) and a(5). All mutant proteins could be reconstituted in vitro with pigments, although the thermal stability of the resulting mut…
Amino acids in the second transmembrane helix of the Lhca4 subunit are important for formation of stable heterodimeric light-harvesting complex LHCI-…
2007
Photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) are assembled from apoproteins (Lhc proteins) and non-covalently attached pigments. Despite a considerable amino acid sequence identity, these proteins differ in their oligomerization behavior. To identify the amino acid residues determining the heterodimerization of Lhca1 and Lhca4 to form LHCI-730, we mutated the poorly conserved second transmembrane helix of the two subunits. Mutated genes were expressed in Escherichia coli and the resultant proteins were refolded in vitro and subsequently analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Replacement of the entire second helix in Lhca4 by the one of Lhca3 abolished heterodimerization, whereas it had no eff…
Up-regulation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase enhances production of essential oils in transgenic spike lavender.
2006
Abstract Spike lavender (Lavandula latifolia) is an aromatic shrub cultivated worldwide for the production of essential oils. The major constituents of these oils are monoterpenes, which are obtained from isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate precursors through the plastidial methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway and/or the cytosolic mevalonate pathway. 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-P synthase (DXS) catalyzes the first step of the MEP pathway. A cDNA coding for the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) DXS was constitutively expressed in spike lavender. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses revealed that transgenic plants accumulated significantly more essential oils compared…
The redox state regulates RNA degradation in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
1999
Abstract A Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast transformant, designated MU7, carrying a chimeric (rbcL promoter: β-glucuronidase [GUS]:psaB 3′ end) gene whose transcripts have been found previously to be unstable in light (half-life of 20 min in light as opposed to a half-life of 5 h in the dark), was used to study the role of electron transport and of the redox state in the degradation of chloroplast transcripts in the light. Blocking photosynthetic electron transport with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) prevented the light-dependent breakdown of the pool of GUS transcripts in MU7 cells. Diamide, an oxidizing agent, caused a measurable delay in the degradation of GUS trans…