Search results for "seroconversion"

Efficacy and safety of human papillomavirus vaccination in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021

AbstractThe prophylactic vaccines available to protect against infections by HPV are well tolerated and highly immunogenic. People with HIV have a higher risk of developing HPV infection and HPV-associated cancers due to a lower immune response, and due to viral interactions. We performed a systematic review of RCTs to assess HPV vaccines efficacy and safety on HIV-infected people compared to placebo or no intervention in terms of seroconversion, infections, neoplasms, adverse events, CD4+ T-cell count and HIV viral load. The vaccine-group showed a seroconversion rate close to 100% for each vaccine and a significantly higher level of antibodies against HPV vaccine types, as compared to the …

2017

Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can lead to primary infection or reactivation in CMV-seronegative or -seropositive kidney transplant recipients, respectively. Complications comprise severe end-organ diseases and acute or chronic transplant rejection. Risk for CMV manifestation is stratified according to the CMV-IgG-serostatus, with donor+/recipient- (D+/R-) patients carrying the highest risk for CMV-replication. However, risk factors predisposing for primary infection in CMV-seronegative recipients are still not fully elucidated. Therefore, we monitored D+/R- high-risk patients undergoing kidney transplantation in combination with antiviral prophylaxis for the incidence of CMV-viremia for a med…

Control and prevention measures for legionellosis in hospitals: A cross-sectional survey in Italy

2018

Abstract Risk assessment, environmental monitoring, and the disinfection of water systems are the key elements in preventing legionellosis risk. The Italian Study Group of Hospital Hygiene of the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine, and Public Health and the Italian Multidisciplinary Society for the Prevention of Health Care-Associated Infections carried out a national cross-sectional survey to investigate the measures taken to prevent and control legionellosis in Italian hospitals. A multiple-choice questionnaire was developed, comprising 71 questions regarding hospital location, general characteristics, clinical and environmental surveillance, and control and preventive measur…

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence trends in healthy blood donors during the COVID-19 Milan outbreak

2020

Objectives: The Milan metropolitan area in Northern Italy was among the most severely hit by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The epidemiological trends of mild COVID-19 are however still unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthy asymptomatic adults, the risk factors, and laboratory correlates. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study during the outbreak. Presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies against the Nucleocapsid protein was assessed by a lateral flow immunoassay. Setting: Blood center at a leading academic hospital serving as COVID-19 referral center. Participants: We considered a random sample of blood donors since the sta…

Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in anti-HIV positive and negative homosexual men.

1995

The immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine were assessed in anti-HIV positive homosexual men. Fourteen anti-HIV positive (group 1) and 20 anti-HIV negative (group 2) men received vaccine (containing 720 ELISA units of hepatitis A antigen per dose) intramuscularly at 0, 1, and 6 months. Twelve unvaccinated anti-HIV positive men (group 3) were included as controls to evaluate disease progression. Seroconversion (anti-hepatitis V virus (HAV ⩾20 mlU/ml) was higher in group 2 than group 1 at months 2 (100% vs. 73%) and 7 (l00%vs. 77%). Group 2 had higher antibody titres than group 1 at months 1 (201 vs. 92 mlU/ml) and 7 (1, 687 vs. 636 mlU/ml). The decli…

Prospective study on cervical neoplasia IV. Presence of HPV antibodies.

1999

Sera collected in the course of a prospective study carried out in Prague in 1975–1983 were assayed for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) antibodies. Women with cervical neoplasia proven by biopsy at enrollment possessed antibodies to peptides derived from E2, E4 and E7 proteins of HPV16 and to virus-like particles (VLPs) of HPV16, -18 and -33 significantly more frequently than matched controls. Women without cervical neoplasia at enrollment who developed the disease in the course of the study differed from matched controls by a higher prevalence of antibodies against VLPs of HPV16 and -18 but not against early antigens of HPV16. In 19 of the latter subjects, paired serum specimens…

Safety and immunogenicity of RIX4414 live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine in adults, toddlers and previously uninfected infants

2003

Abstract A live attenuated human rotavirus (HRV) vaccine, strain RIX4414, was tested sequentially in adults, previously infected toddlers, and previously uninfected infants. A single dose was given to adults and toddlers and found well tolerated. Next, a dose ranging (three different viral concentrations) safety and immunogenicity study was conducted in rotavirus IgA antibody negative infants (N=192), who received two doses of RIX4414 vaccine or placebo at 2 and 4 months of age. No side effects were seen after vaccination. Specifically, administration of RIX4414 vaccine was not temporally associated with fever, diarrhea, or increase in liver transaminases. Rotavirus IgA seroconversion range…

Immunogenicity and safety of a nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine in women 27–45 years of age compared to women 16–26 years of age: An open-lab…

2021

Abstract: Background: Efficacy of the nine-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV; HPV types 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) vaccine was demonstrated in a phase 3 study in women 16 & ndash;26 years of age. We present a phase 3 immunogenicity and safety study of the 9vHPV vaccine in women 27 & ndash;45 versus 16 & ndash;26 years of age. Methods: This international, open-label study (NCT03158220) was conducted in women 16 & ndash;45 years of age. Participants (16 & ndash;26 years, n = 570 and 27 & ndash;45 years, n = 642) received a three-dose 9vHPV vaccination regimen (day 1, month 2, month 6). Month 7 geometric mean titers (GMTs) and seroconversion percentages to anti-HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 w…

B and T cell immune responses elicited by the Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccine in nursing home residents

2021

Objectives The immunogenicity of the Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccine is understudied in elderly people with comorbidities. SARS-CoV-2-S-targeted antibody and T cell responses following full vaccination were assessed in nursing home residents. Methods Sixty nursing home residents (44 female; age, 53-100 years), of whom 10 had previously been diagnosed of COVID-19, and 18 healthy controls (15 female; age, 27-54 years) were recruited. Pre- and post-vaccination blood specimens were available for quantitation of total antibodies binding SARS-CoV-2 S protein and enumeration of SARS-CoV-2-S-reactive IFN-γ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by flow cytometry. Results The seroconversion rate in presumably SARS-CoV-2…

Topical azithromycin for the prevention of Lyme borreliosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 efficacy trial

2017

Summary Background Lyme borreliosis develops in 1–5% of individuals bitten by ticks, but with a diagnostic gap affecting up to 30% of patients, a broadly applicable pharmacological prevention strategy is needed. Topical azithromycin effectively eradicated Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from the skin in preclinical studies. We assessed its efficacy in human beings. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial done in 28 study sites in Germany and Austria, adults were equally assigned to receive topical 10% azithromycin or placebo twice daily for 3 consecutive days, within 72 h of a tick bite being confirmed. Randomisation numbers, which were stratified by …