Search results for "signalling"
showing 10 items of 249 documents
Gemcitabine sensitizes lung cancer cells to Fas/FasL system-mediated killing
2014
Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy agent commonly used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in NSCLC cells by increasing functionally active Fas expression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system involvement in gemcitabine-induced lung cancer cell killing. NSCLC H292 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of gemcitabine. FasL mRNA and protein were evaluated by real-time PCR, and by Western blot and flow cytometry, respectively. Apoptosis of FasL-expressing cells was evaluated by flow cytometry, and caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation by Western blot and a colorimetric assay. Cytotoxicity of ly…
Thromboinflammation and Vascular Dysfunction.
2018
Thromboinflammation and vascular dysfunction are inseparably combined with the innate and the adaptive immune response. While the role of this interplay has gained considerable attention in the arena of atherosclerosis/atherothrombosis and in deep vein thrombosis, its role in other forms of vascular disease and risk factors is currently emerging. In this brief review, we will focus on thromboinflammation with regard to cytokine signalling as well as on the novel role of a vascular coagulation-inflammatory circuit in arterial hypertension.Thrombo-Inflammation und vaskuläre Dysfunktion sind untrennbar mit dem angeborenen und dem erworbenen Immunsystem verbunden. Dieses Zusammenspiel wurde im …
Coexpression of inducible NO synthase and soluble guanylyl cyclase in colonic enterocytes: a pathophysiologic signaling pathway for the initiation of…
1998
Infectious diarrhea is often caused by the exotoxins of gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli. However, these organisms also contain lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin. LPS induces nitric oxide synthase II (NOS II, inducible NOS) in various types of cells. We now demonstrate by RNase protection analysis, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry that the expression of NOS II mRNA and protein is markedly induced in colonic enterocytes of mice that ingest LPS with their drinking water. Using the same techniques, significant levels of soluble guanylyl cyclase (GC-S), the effector enzyme of NO, were found constitutively expressed in the mucosa. This creates a pathophysiologic autocrine p…
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors and Downstream Signalling Pathways as Cancer Treatment Targets for Medicinal Plants
2015
Tributyltin chloride-induced effects on protein tyrosine phosphorylation and on extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorilation in Ascidi…
2011
Ascidians represent an intriguing candidate experimental system for studying the effects of environmental stress. We studied TBT effects and probable related pathways were investigated on ascidian embryos by using Western immunoblotting. Among the various signal transduction pathways involved in response to environmental stress, both tyrosine kinase signalling and MAPKs have been played a significant role. To better understand molecular mechanisms after exposure to TBT we studied the two signal transduction pathways above mentioned. Attempting to unravel the molecular effects of TBT-induced on ascidians embryogenesis, TBT treatments carried out in Phallusia mammillata embryos at gastrula st…
Effects of tributyltin chloride in ascidian embryos: modulation of kinase-mediated signalling pathways
2009
We studied the effects of various TBT concentrations by assaying the activity of ERK 1/2 (p44/42) and phospho-ERK1/2 (phospho-p44/42), proteins with a key role in ascidian development, and tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway. The effects of this xenobiotic and the role of some signalling mechanisms on ascidian embryos were examined by using Western immunoblotting. The tyrosine phosphorylation pattern in the ascidians Ciona intestinalis and Phallusia mammillata development was examined and different levels of protein phosphorylation were found as a response to TBT at μM range. To determine whether another key signalling pathway was activated, the effects of TBT on the phosphorylation state of …
Loss of histone macroH2A1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells promotes paracrine-mediated chemoresistance and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells activa…
2020
Rationale: Loss of histone macroH2A1 induces appearance of cancer stem cells (CSCs)-like cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). How CSCs interact with the tumor microenvironment and the adaptive immune system is unclear. Methods: We screened aggressive human HCC for macroH2A1 and CD44 CSC marker expression. We also knocked down (KD) macroH2A1 in HCC cells, and performed integrated transcriptomic and secretomic analyses. Results: Human HCC showed low macroH2A1 and high CD44 expression compared to control tissues. MacroH2A1 KD CSC-like cells transferred paracrinally their chemoresistant properties to parental HCC cells. MacroH2A1 KD conditioned media transcriptionally reprogrammed parental …
Do Scarring Effects of Low-Wage Employment and Non-Employment Differ BETWEEN Levels of Qualification?
2014
This study investigates how the effects of low-wage employment and non-employment on wage prospects vary depending on qualification. Based on theories on signalling effects, human capital and job search, we discuss why there may be heterogeneity in state dependence in both labour market states. We find that episodes of low-wage employment incur a significantly lower risk of future non-employment than episodes of non-employment for low-qualified workers. In contrast, for workers with a middle or high level of qualification the risk of non-employment is not significantly different when being low-paid instead of not employed.
Peak Power Demand and Energy Consumption Reduction Strategies for Trains under Moving Block Signalling System
2013
Published version of an article in the journal: Mathematical Problems in Engineering. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/940936 Open Access In the moving block signalling (MBS) system where the tracking target point of the following train is moving forward with its leading train, overload of the substations occurs when a dense queue of trains starts (or restarts) in very close distance interval. This is the peak power demand problem. Several methods have been attempted in the literature to deal with this problem through changing train's operation strategies. However, most existing approaches reduce the service quality. In this paper, two novel approaches - …