Search results for "silmä"

Evaluating similarity measures for gaze patterns in the context of representational competence in physics education

2018

The competent handling of representations is required for understanding physics' concepts, developing problem-solving skills, and achieving scientific expertise. Using eye-tracking methodology, we present the contributions of this paper as follows: We first investigated the preferences of students with the different levels of knowledge; experts, intermediates, and novices, in representational competence in the domain of physics problem-solving. It reveals that experts more likely prefer to use vector than other representations. Besides, a similar tendency of table representation usage was observed in all groups. Also, diagram representation has been used less than others. Secondly, we evalu…

Visual attention while solving the test of understanding graphs in kinematics: an eye-tracking analysis

2019

This study used eye-tracking to capture students' visual attention while taking a test of understanding graphs in kinematics (TUG-K). A total of N = 115 upper-secondary-level students from Germany and Switzerland took the 26-item multiple-choice instrument after learning about kinematics graphs in the regular classroom. Besides choosing the correct alternative among research-based distractors, the students were required to judge their response confidence for each question. The items were presented sequentially on a computer screen equipped with a remote eye tracker, resulting in a set of approx. 3000 paired responses (accuracy and confidence) and about 40 h of eye-movement data (approx. 500…

Emotional state modifies eyeblink reflex elicited by an airpuff

2002

Task-oriented reading efficiency : interplay of general cognitive ability, task demands, strategies and reading fluency

2022

AbstractThe associations among readers’ cognitive skills (general cognitive ability, reading skills, and attentional functioning), task demands (easy versus difficult questions), and process measures (total fixation time on relevant and irrelevant paragraphs) was investigated to explain task-oriented reading accuracy and efficiency (number of scores in a given time unit). Structural equation modeling was applied to a large dataset collected with sixth-grade students, which included samples of dysfluent readers and those with attention difficulties. The results are in line with previous findings regarding the dominant role of general cognitive ability in the accuracy of task-oriented reading…

Transkraniaalisen tasavirtastimulaation vaikutukset erottelu- ja käänteisoppimiseen sekä reagointiherkkyyden muutoksiin

2017

Transkraniaalisella tasavirtastimulaatiolla (tDCS) tarkoitetaan menetelmää, jossa johdetaan heikkoa sähkövirtaa aivokudosten läpi elektrodilta toiselle. Tutkimusten mukaan tDCS:lla näyttäisi olevan monenlaisia kliinisiä ja kognitiivisia vaikutuksia aina masennuksen hoidosta työmuistin parantamiseen. Tulokset ovat kuitenkin monin paikoin varsin ristiriitaisia, eikä stimulaation tarkoista vaikutusmekanismeistakaan olla päästy varmuuteen. Tässä tutkimuksessa halusimme tutkia kokeellisesti tDCS:n vaikutuksia erottelu- ja käänteisoppimiseen sekä reagointiherkkyyden muutoksiin silmäniskuehdollistumisen avulla. Kokeeseen osallistui 39 iältään 18-29-vuotiasta koehenkilöä. Tutkittavat jaettiin kahte…

What information should I look for again? : Attentional difficulties distracts reading of task assignments

2019

This large-scale eye-movement study (N = 164) investigated how students read short task assignments to complete information search problems and how their cognitive resources are associated with this reading behavior. These cognitive resources include information searching subskills, prior knowledge, verbal memory, reading fluency, and attentional difficulties. In this study, the task assignments consisted of four sentences. The first and last sentences provided context, while the second or third sentence was the relevant or irrelevant sentence under investigation. The results of a linear mixed-model and latent change score analyses showed the ubiquitous influence of reading fluency on first…

Silmänliikkeen fiksaatioiden tilastollinen mallintaminen

2009

Attentional bias towards interpersonal aggression in depression – an eye movement study

2020

Depressed individuals exhibit an attentional bias towards mood-congruent stimuli, yet evidence for biased processing of threat-related information in human interaction remains scarce. Here, we tested whether an attentional bias towards interpersonally aggressive pictures over interpersonally neutral pictures could be observed to a greater extent in depressed participants than in control participants. Eye movements were recorded while the participants freely viewed visually matched interpersonally aggressive and neutral pictures, which were presented in pairs. Across the groups, participants spent more time looking at neutral pictures than at aggressive pictures, probably reflecting avoidanc…

Masennuksen ja tunnetilan vaikutukset lukemiseen : silmänliiketutkimus

2014

Visual processing in patients with age-related macular degeneration performing a face detection test

2017

Purpose: People with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have difficulties in familiar face recognition and facial expression discrimination. Our aim was to evaluate the visual processing of faces in AMD patients and whether this would be improved by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. This was a prospective interventional cohort study. Patients: Twelve patients with monocular wet AMD and 6 control subjects were recruited. Face detection processes were studied using cortical event-related potentials (ERPs). Patients received 3 bevacizumab intravitreal injections to the single affected eye. At baseline and 4–6 weeks after the last injection, clinical presentation and ERPs of …