Search results for "skull"

CT and MR Imaging of Orbital Lesions

1989

In the past, the diagnosis of orbital lesions manifested clinically by unilateral or bilateral proptosis and/or impaired ocular motility has relied on conventional skull films and orbital radiographs, sonography, fluorescein angiography, internal and external carotid angiography, and ophthalmic venography. The introduction of CT, however, has greatly reduced the importance of invasive diagnostic procedures (Wende et al. 1977).

Prospective Validation of Facial Nerve Monitoring to Prevent Nerve Damage During Robotic Drilling

2019

Facial nerve damage has a detrimental effect on a patient's life, therefore safety mechanisms to ensure its preservation are essential during lateral skull base surgery. During robotic cochlear implantation a trajectory passing the facial nerve at <0.5 mm is needed. Recently a stimulation probe and nerve monitoring approach were developed and introduced clinically, however for patient safety no trajectory was drilled closer than 0.4 mm. Here we assess the performance of the nerve monitoring system at closer distances. In a sheep model eight trajectories were drilled to test the setup followed by 12 trajectories during which the ENT surgeon relied solely on the nerve monitoring system and…

Impasse in the management of recurrent basal cell carcinoma of the skull with sagittal sinus erosion

2015

Abstract Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a non melanocytic skin cancer that arises from basal cells, affecting commonly fair-skinned human beings. Although the tumor is well known for local recurrences, extension into the intracranial space is reported. A case of a giant BCC of the scalp invading the middle and posterior third of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) is reported. A 70-year-old male with a basal cell carcinoma history presented with a massive bleeding from the SSS invaded by the tumor. Since the patient refused surgery the bleeding was managed through direct compression by applying a thrombin-based hemostatic agents and sterile dressings. This procedure was performed daily in orde…

Spontaneous Resorption of an Occipital Meningocele: Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation

2016

Cranial meningocele is a very rare variant of encephalocele. Meningocele can be associated with other disorders and may cause complications. Therapy is usually based on surgical treatment. To our knowledge, we describe the first case of spontaneous resorption of an occipital meningocele in a full-term newborn boy. A full-term newborn was noted to have a large non-skin covered, semitransparent cystic lump in the occipital bone. He underwent computed tomography and a diagnosis of meningocele was proposed. After a few hours, the cystic lump spontaneously readsorbed. After 1 week the patient underwent magnetic resonance. Histology confirmed the diagnosis.

The craniovertebral junction in rheumatoid arthritis: State of the art

2019

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, characterized by polyarticular inflammation causing progressive joint damage and disability. The mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis involve activation of innate and adaptive immunity, microvascular endothelial cell activation, and inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes into the synovium. Spinal involvement in RA is not typical; when it occurs, the main radiological features are (1) atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS), which is the most typical form of cervical spine involvement; (2) cranial settling—also known as basilar impression, atlantoaxial impaction or superior migration of the odontoid—which is the most seve…

Identifizierung unbekannter Leichen durch Röntgenbildvergleich

1995

Between 1987 and 1993, 30 unknown bodies were identified by means of pre- and postmortem radiographs at the Forensic Institute in Mainz. Our experience indicates that radiological identification comprises a useful, rapid and cheap method, at least as valuable as dactyloscopy or odontological comparisons. The ages of available radiographs were up to 25 years; the most suitable regions are the skull (11), pelvis and lumbar spine (6), lower femur and knee (5) and distal leg with the ankle joint (5). In respect of the problem of objectifying the probability of identity, possibilities for solutions are shown.

The Skull in Achondroplasia

1988

The growth disorder in achondroplasia results from abnormalities of endochondral bone formation. Cranial abnormalities originate from the occipital bone, the only region where enchondral bone is formed.

Structural analysis of network models in tetrapod skulls : evolutionary trends and structural constraints in morphological complexity, integration an…

2013

Background Ever since classic anatomists like George Cuvier, Geoffroy St. Hilaire, or Richard Owen laid down the fundamental principles of comparative anatomy in the 19th century, connections among anatomical parts have been essential for the recognition of biological homologies. However, few studies have addressed the possibility of implementing an adequate methodological tool to use connections among parts to unveil problems in morphology; although Woodger, Rashevsky, Riedl, and, more recently, Rasskin-Gutman pointed in this direction. In the last decades Network Theory has been developed as a novel conceptual and methodological framework to deal with the relational properties that emerge…

An acute headache due a nodulary swell- ing of the skull

2013

Disentangling directional and fluctuating asymmetry in a genome-wide association study.

2018

8 pages; International audience; Although directional and fluctuating asymmetry have been frequently assessed independently, they are indeed associated concepts both in theory and in practice. However, they can be difficult to disentangle in genome-wide association studies, where the appropriate shape statistics are not fully developed. Although the usage of Procrustes distances to overcome this problem may be tempting, this does not reliably help to identify the underlying genetic components of directional and fluctuating asymmetries. Here, similarities and differences among different approaches have revealed that the genetic component of the skull asymmetry in this population of mice is m…