Search results for "smoking."

showing 10 items of 631 documents

Association between passive tobacco exposure and caries in children and adolescents. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2017

To examine the available evidence on the association between exposure to tobacco use in the womb and in infancy and the presence of caries in primary and permanent dentition in children and adolescents. A systematic review was conducted through searches in 4 data bases (Pubmed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science), complemented by hand-searching. Of the 559 articles identified, 400 were duplicates. Finally, 28 articles were included in the qualitative review and 21 in the meta-analysis. Their quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The quality was medium in 44% of the articles included and high in 56%. The overall meta-analysis gave a significant odds ratio (OR = 1.53, 95% conf…

Bacterial DiseasesPediatricsPulmonologyPhysiologyDigestive Physiologylcsh:MedicineAdolescentsHabitsFamilies0302 clinical medicineMathematical and Statistical TechniquesPregnancyCariesMedicine and Health SciencesSmoking HabitsPublic and Occupational Health030212 general & internal medicineChildlcsh:ScienceChildrenMultidisciplinaryDentitionResearch AssessmentSystematic reviewInfectious DiseasesMeta-analysisPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsPhysical SciencesFemaleStatistics (Mathematics)Research Articlemedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentSystematic ReviewsSubstance-Related DisordersMEDLINEDental CariesResearch and Analysis Methods03 medical and health sciencesMental Health and PsychiatrymedicineHumansDentitionTooth DeciduousStatistical MethodsAssociation (psychology)PregnancyBehaviorbusiness.industrylcsh:RBiology and Life SciencesSmoking Related Disorders030206 dentistryOdds ratiomedicine.diseaseConfidence intervalDentition PermanentAge GroupsPeople and PlacesTobacco Smoke PollutionPopulation Groupingslcsh:QbusinessMathematicsMeta-AnalysisPLoS ONE
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Effects in cigarette smoke stimulated bronchial epithelial cells of a corticosteroid entrapped into nanostructured lipid carriers

2014

Background Nanomedicine studies have showed a great potential for drug delivery into the lung. In this manuscript nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) containing Fluticasone propionate (FP) were prepared and their biocompatibility and effects in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (16-HBE) stimulated with cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) were tested. Results Biocompatibility studies showed that the NLC did not induce cell necrosis or apoptosis. Moreover, it was confirmed that CSE increased intracellular ROS production and TLR4 expression in bronchial epithelial cells and that FP-loaded NLC were more effective than free drug in modulating these processes. Finally, the nanoparticles increased…

BiocompatibilityCellBiomedical EngineeringMedicine (miscellaneous)Pharmaceutical ScienceApoptosisBronchiBioengineeringChronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Asthma; hronic obstructive pulmonary disease.PharmacologyFluticasone propionatemedicine.disease_causeApplied Microbiology and BiotechnologyNanostructured lipid carriers Corticosteroid Fluticasone propionate Cigarette smoke Airway epithelial cell Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Asthmachemistry.chemical_compoundAirway epithelial cellmedicineHumansCorticosteroidCells CulturedFluticasoneDrug CarriersNanostructured lipid carriersbusiness.industryResearchChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseSmokingCigarette smokeEpithelial CellsGlutathioneGlutathioneLipidsAsthmaNanostructuresToll-Like Receptor 4medicine.anatomical_structurechemistrySettore CHIM/09 - Farmaceutico Tecnologico ApplicativoApoptosisDrug deliveryFluticasoneMolecular MedicineReactive Oxygen SpeciesbusinessOxidative stressIntracellularmedicine.drugJournal of Nanobiotechnology
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Drinking water source and cigarette smoking in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

2006

OBJECTIVE: Water source and cigarette smoking are related to clinical characteristics and pathology of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. METHODS: Tumor number, dimension, G-grade, T-stage, recurrences, cigarette smoking and water supply were recorded in patients harboring Ta-T1 G1-3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. RESULTS: Of 577 patients, 61% had multiple and 36% recurrent tumors. Two hundred and forty-one patients (42%) were current smokers and 188 (33%) were former smokers. Bottled water was the only drinkable source for 249 (45%) patients, municipal water supply for 177 (32%), artesian wells for 38 (7%), spring water for 7 (1%) and mixed source for 89 (…

Bladder cancer Cigarette smoking Water supply Chlorination
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Influence of Demographic and Lifestyle Variables on Plasma Magnesium Concentrations and Their Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Medi…

2020

Several studies have shown that a low magnesium (Mg) intake in the diet is associated with greater cardiovascular risk and greater risk of diabetes. However, the results are not consistent in all populations. To minimize the biases derived from diet measurement, more objective biomarkers of magnesium status have been proposed. Although there is still no ideal biomarker for Mg, several studies have shown that plasma Mg concentrations could be a relatively acceptable biomarker for cardiovascular risk assessment. However, further studies are required to better characterize this marker in different populations. Our aim was to analyze the association between plasma Mg concentrations (measured th…

Blood GlucoseMaleMediterranean dietPhysiologyBlood Pressure030204 cardiovascular system & hematologymagnesiumDiet MediterraneanBody Mass Indexchemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineAged 80 and overeducation.field_of_studyNutrition and DieteticsdiabetesMediterranean RegionAge FactorsMiddle AgedLipidsQuartileCardiovascular DiseasesCreatinineFemaleWaist Circumferencemediterranean populationlcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supplyAdultAdolescentPopulationNutritional Status030209 endocrinology & metabolismlcsh:TX341-641Risk AssessmentArticleWhite PeopleHypomagnesemia03 medical and health sciencesYoung AdultSex FactorsDiabetes mellitusmedicineTobacco SmokingHumansAspartate AminotransferaseseducationLife StyleAgedCholesterolbusiness.industrycholesterolmediterranean dietmedicine.diseaseObesityUric AcidCross-Sectional StudieschemistryDiabetes Mellitus Type 2Heart Disease Risk FactorsSpainCase-Control StudiesUric acidbusinessFood Science
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“The Linosa Study”: Epidemiological and heritability data of the metabolic syndrome in a Caucasian genetic isolate

2009

Abstract Background and aims Growing evidence suggests that the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has both a genetic and environmental basis. To evaluate the possibility of a further genetic analysis, we estimated prevalence rates and heritabilities for the MetS and its individual traits in the adult population of Linosa, a small and isolated Italian Island in the southern-central part of the Mediterranean Sea. Methods and results The Linosa Study (LiS) group consisted of 293 Caucasian native subjects from 51 families (123 parents; 170 offsprings). The MetS was defined according to NCEP/ATP III criteria and the following prevalence rates were calculated: hyperglycaemia 20.3%; central obesity 34.9%;…

Blood GlucoseMaleSettore MED/09 - Medicina InternaGenetic LinkageEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismPrevalenceMedicine (miscellaneous)Settore MED/13 - EndocrinologiaGenetic Linkage; Young Adult; Age Factors; Metabolic Syndrome X; Cholesterol HDL; Hypertriglyceridemia; Sex Factors; Humans; Aged; Italy; Blood Glucose; Smoking; European Continental Ancestry Group; Adult; Middle Aged; Insulin Resistance; Adolescent; Male; FemaleSettore MED/49 - Scienze Tecniche Dietetiche ApplicateMetabolic SyndromeHypertriglyceridemiaeducation.field_of_studySettore M-EDF/01 - Metodi e Didattiche delle Attivita' MotorieNutrition and DieteticsMetabolic Syndrome XSmokingAge FactorsMiddle AgedCholesterolItalyAdolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol HDL; European Continental Ancestry Group; Female; Genetic Linkage; Humans; Hypertriglyceridemia; Insulin Resistance; Italy; Male; Metabolic Syndrome X; Middle Aged; Sex Factors; Smoking; Young AdultFemaleCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineGenetic isolateAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyWaistHDLAdolescentEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupPopulationBiologyWhite PeopleYoung AdultSex FactorsInsulin resistanceInternal medicinemedicineHumanseducationAgedCholesterol HDLnutritional and metabolic diseasesmetabolic syndromeHeritabilityInsulin resistanceMetabolic syndromeObesityHeritabilitymedicine.diseaseObesityEndocrinologySettore MED/03 - Genetica MedicaInsulin ResistanceMetabolic syndromeDemographyNutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases
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Association between chronic dental infection and acute myocardial infarction.

2008

Introduction: In patients with cardiovascular diseases several risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking and drinking habits, genetic disposition, and chronic inflammation must be considered. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a correlation between dental origin infections and the presence of an acutemyocardialinfarction(AMI).Methods:Atotalof125 patients who had experienced a myocardial infarction and 125healthyindividualswereincludedinthisstudy.Theoral examination was carried out following the consent of the ethics committee and the National Board for Radiation Protection and included the number of teeth, endodontically treated teeth, periodontal sc…

Blood GlucoseMalemedicine.medical_specialtyMyocardial InfarctionInfarctionDentistryDiabetes ComplicationsLeukocyte CountTooth LossSex FactorsRisk FactorsInternal medicineDiabetes mellitusPeriodontal Attachment LossmedicineTooth lossHumansPeriodontal PocketMyocardial infarctionObesityGeneral DentistryPeriodontal DiseasesAgedAged 80 and overTooth Nonvitalbiologybusiness.industryPeriapical DiseasesC-reactive proteinSmokingCase-control studyAge FactorsDental Pulp DiseasesMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseRadiographyC-Reactive ProteinClinical attachment lossTooth DiseasesCase-Control StudiesChronic Diseasebiology.proteinMyocardial infarction complicationsFemalemedicine.symptomPeriodontal IndexbusinessGingival HemorrhageJournal of endodontics
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The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease among primary care patients in Poland : results from the LIPIDOGRAM2015 study

2020

BACKGROUND AND AIM: To estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) disease and CV risk factors among Polish patients.METHODS: A nationwide cross-sectional study, LIPIDOGRAM2015, was carried out in Poland in the 4th quarter of 2015 and 1st and 2nd quarters of 2016; 438 primary care physicians enrolled 13,724 adult patients that sought medical care in primary health care practices.RESULTS: Nearly 19% of men and approximately 12% of women had cardiovascular disease (CVD). Over 60% of the recruited patients had hypertension (HTN), >80% had dyslipidaemia and <15% of patients were diagnosed with diabetes (DM). All of these disorders were more frequent in men. In 80% of patients the waist…

Blood GlucoseMalemedicine.medical_specialtyWaistCardiovascular risk factorsPopulationPrimary health carePrimary careDisease030204 cardiovascular system & hematology03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineDiabetes mellitusInternal medicineDiabetes mellitusSurveys and QuestionnairesInternal MedicinemedicinePrevalenceHumanscardiovascular diseases030212 general & internal medicineObesityeducationCardiovascular risk factorsAgedDyslipidemiasHypercholesterolaemiaPrimary health careeducation.field_of_studybusiness.industrySmokingGeneral MedicineCholesterol LDLMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseCardiovascular diseaseObesityCross-Sectional StudiesCardiovascular DiseasesHeart Disease Risk FactorsHypertensionFemalePolandWaist CircumferenceCardiology and Cardiovascular Medicinebusiness
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Vitamin C blocks inflammatory platelet-activating factor mimetics created by cigarette smoking.

1997

Cigarette smoking within minutes induces leukocyte adhesion to the vascular wall and formation of intravascular leukocyte-platelet aggregates. We find this is inhibited by platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonists, and correlates with the accumulation of PAF-like mediators in the blood of cigarette smoke-exposed hamsters. These mediators were PAF-like lipids, formed by nonenzymatic oxidative modification of existing phospholipids, that were distinct from biosynthetic PAF. These PAF-like lipids induced isolated human monocytes and platelets to aggregate, which greatly increased their secretion of IL-8 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha. Both events were blocked by a PAF r…

Blood PlateletsChemokineAntioxidantTime FactorsPlatelet Aggregationmedicine.drug_classNeutrophilsmedicine.medical_treatmentPhospholipidReceptors Cell SurfaceAscorbic AcidPlatelet Membrane GlycoproteinsPharmacologyAntioxidantsMonocytesReceptors G-Protein-Coupledchemistry.chemical_compoundReference ValuesCricetinaemedicineCell AdhesionAnimalsHumansPlateletPlatelet Activating FactorReceptorChemokine CCL4Cell AggregationLeukocyte aggregationbiologyPlatelet-activating factorChemistryInterleukin-8SmokingGeneral MedicineAzepinesMacrophage Inflammatory ProteinsTriazolesReceptor antagonistBiochemistrybiology.proteinlipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Platelet Aggregation InhibitorsResearch Article
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IL-17A induces chromatin remodeling promoting IL-8 release in bronchial epithelial cells: Effect of Tiotropium

2016

Abstract Aims IL-17A plays a key role in the persistence of airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and reduction of steroid-sensitivity in COPD. We studied the effect of IL-17A on chromatin remodeling and IL-8 production. Main methods We measured the levels of IL-8 and IL-17A in induced sputum supernatants (ISS) from healthy controls (HCs), healthy smokers (HSs), and COPD patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) was stimulated with ISS from HCs, HSs, or COPD subjects. IL-8 was evaluated in 16HBE by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), acetyl histone H3 (Ac-His H3) (k9) and inhi…

Bronchial epithelial cell0301 basic medicineHistone Deacetylase 2BronchiBiologyGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyChromatin remodelingProinflammatory cytokineHistonesChromatin remodelingAndrologyPulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive03 medical and health sciencesHistone H3Western blotIL-17AmedicineHumansInterleukin 8Tiotropium BromideGeneral Pharmacology Toxicology and PharmaceuticsCells CulturedCOPDBiochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)IL-8medicine.diagnostic_testHistone deacetylase 2Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAnti-Inflammatory Agents Non-SteroidalInterleukin-17Interleukin-8SmokingSputumEpithelial CellsGeneral MedicineChromatin Assembly and Disassemblymedicine.diseaserespiratory tract diseases030104 developmental biologyPharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (all)ImmunologyInterleukin 17human activitiesLife Sciences
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<p>Early management of COPD: where are we now and where do we go from here? A Delphi consensus project</p>

2019

Purpose There is a lack of consensus on the most appropriate early diagnostic strategy, criteria for early access to treatment and follow-up approach for patients with COPD. Materials and methods A Delphi consensus project investigated the early management of COPD. We formulated two questionnaires for completion by pneumologists in Italy. Results A total of 207 specialists completed questionnaire 1 and 184 of them questionnaire 2, between November 2016 and October 2017. Early diagnosis of COPD was considered uncommon for 93.2% of the expert panel. Regardless of the definition of "early diagnosis" - a diagnosis made before the clinical manifestation of the disease for most responders (60.4%)…

COPDmedicine.medical_specialtybiologybusiness.industrymedicine.medical_treatmentDelphi methodGeneral MedicineDiseaseEvidence-based medicineLamamedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationNatural history03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicine030228 respiratory systemmedicineSmoking cessation030212 general & internal medicineIntensive care medicinebusinessHealth policyInternational Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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