Search results for "smoking."
showing 10 items of 631 documents
Spray-Dried Cytisine-Loaded Matrices: Development of Transbuccal Sustained-Release Tablets as a Promising Tool in Smoking Cessation Therapy
2022
Cytisine (CYT) has emerged as a promising molecule to treat nicotine addiction, since it acts as a partial agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. However, its unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties lead to multiple administrations per day, reducing the patient’s compliance and increasing the side effects. To overcome these drawbacks, CYT buccal administration is here proposed. Firstly, CYT stability in the buccal environment was assessed and its intrinsic ability to permeate/penetrate the tissue was determined by applying CYT solutions at increasing concentrations. Furthermore, a spray-drying method was selected and optimized as it is an eco-friendly, easily scalable and effective te…
Solving a model for the evolution of smoking habit in Spain with homotopy analysis method
2013
We obtain an approximated analytical solution for a dynamic model for the prevalence of the smoking habit in a constant population but with equal and different from zero birth and death rates. This model has been successfully used to explain the evolution of the smoking habit in Spain. By means of the Homotopy Analysis Method, we obtain an analytic expression in powers of time t which reproduces the correct solution for a certain range of time. To enlarge the domain of convergence we have applied the so-called optimal convergence-control parameter technique and the homotopy-Padé technique. We present and discuss graphical results for our solutions. ©
The difference in risk of chronic pulmonary disease morbidity and mortality between elite athletes and ordinary men in Finland
2020
Introduction: The impact of a history of competitive sports on later smoking behavior and occurrence of chronic pulmonary diseases is poorly known. We investigated how a history of elite level sports predicted later pulmonary disease morbidity and mortality. Methods: Chronic pulmonary disease incidence were assessed from national hospital and cause-of-death registers from 1970 to 2015 among Finnish male former elite athletes (n=2078) and matched controls (n=1453) alive in 1970 (mean age 45.0 years). Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated by Cox proportional hazards model. In 1985, cohort members reported on their smoking habits, engagement in physical activity/sports and physician-diagnosed ch…
Replication of the association between CHRNA4 rs1044396 and harm avoidance in a large population-based sample.
2015
Harm avoidance is a personality trait characterized by excessive worrying and fear of uncertainty, which has repeatedly been related to anxiety disorders. Converging lines of research in rodents and humans point towards an involvement of the nicotinic cholinergic system in the modulation of anxiety. Most notably, the rs1044396 polymorphism in the CHRNA4 gene, which codes for the α4 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, has been linked to negative emotionality traits including harm avoidance in a recent study. Against this background, we investigated the association between harm avoidance and the rs1044396 polymorphism using data from N=1673 healthy subjects, which were collected …
The arsenic content of human semen.
2009
Arsenic concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrometer in ejaculates of 13 subfertile men, 6 control individuals and pool-ejaculate of 24 further andrological patients. While the detection limit was 1 microgram/l, arsenic concentration amounted to 2 micrograms AS/l in ejaculates. In the cellular fractions of seminal fluid, concentration of arsenic was under the detection limit. Arsenic concentration of smokers and non-smokers did not differ.
FinnTwin16 : A Longitudinal Study from Age 16 of a Population-Based Finnish Twin Cohort
2019
The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed and updated description of the FinnTwin16 (FT16) study and its future directions. The Finnish Twin Cohort comprises three different cohorts: the Older Twin Cohort established in the 1970s and the FinnTwin12 and FT16 initiated in the 1990s. FT16 was initiated in 1991 to identify the genetic and environmental precursors of alcoholism, but later the scope of the project expanded to studying the determinants of various health-related behaviors and diseases in different stages of life. The main areas addressed are alcohol use and its consequences, smoking, physical activity, overall physical health, eating behaviors and eating disorders, weight…
"Fuelling" Cognitive Judgments: Worry as a Mediator Between Risk Perceptions and Intentions to Quit Smoking
2012
Published version of an article in the journal: Europe's Journal of Psychology. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v8i3.479 Open access. The aim of the present study was to assess the importance of cognitive and affective risk perceptions along with measures of self-prediction of future smoking status and confidence in one’s ability to quit on intentions to quit smoking. Additionally, the purpose was to explore the mediating effect of worry on the relation between risk perception and quitting smoking intentions. The data consist of 415 participants defined as daily and “sometimes” smokers who were interviewed by telephone. The results showed significant dir…
Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in elderly women in Italy: clinical consequences and risk factors
2002
In order to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical consequences of hypovitaminosis D in elderly Italian women a multicenter study of 43 osteoporosis centers from all regions of Italy was carried out. Study population included 700 women aged 60-80 years in whom blood was taken for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurements. All subjects were also questioned to assess the prevalence of several risk factors for hypovitaminosis D, osteoporotic fractures and activities of daily living (ADL). Values of 25OHD lower than 5 ng/ml were found in 27% of the women and lower than 12 ng/ml in 76%. 25OHD and PTH levels were negatively correlated ( r=-0.38, after log…
Contribution of parental and school personnel smoking to health risk behaviours among Finnish adolescents.
2009
Abstract Background This study compared parental smoking with school personnel smoking in relation to adolescents' smoking behaviours, alcohol use, and illicit drug use. Methods A cross-sectional survey for 24,379 adolescents was linked to a survey for 1946 school employees in 136 Finnish schools in 2004-2005. Surveys included smoking prevalence reported by school staff, adolescents' reports of school staff and parental smoking, adolescents' own smoking behaviours, alcohol use, and illicit drug use. Multilevel analyses were adjusted for individual and school-level confounding factors. Results Parental smoking was associated with all health risk behaviours among both sexes (risk range 1.39 t…
Smoking as a cofactor for causation of chronic pancreatitis: a meta-analysis.
2010
Objectives To assess the evidence for tobacco smoking as a risk factor for the causation of chronic pancreatitis. Methods We performed a meta-analysis with random-effects models to estimate pooled relative risks (RRs) of chronic pancreatitis for current, former, and ever smokers, in comparison to never smokers. We also performed dose-response, heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity analyses. Results Ten case-control studies and 2 cohort studies that evaluated, overall, 1705 patients with chronic pancreatitis satisfied the inclusion criteria. When contrasted to never smokers, the pooled risk estimates for current smokers was 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-4.2) overall and 2…